{"id":8,"date":"2024-12-30T12:19:03","date_gmt":"2024-12-30T05:19:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/phapvien.com\/?p=8"},"modified":"2025-01-06T05:52:07","modified_gmt":"2025-01-05T22:52:07","slug":"gioi-thieu-dao-phat","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/phapphat.com\/?p=8","title":{"rendered":"Tam T\u1ea1ng Kinh \u0110i\u1ec3n"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

B\u00ecnh Anson<\/em><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

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Trong 45 n\u0103m truy\u1ec1n gi\u1ea3ng con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t, \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt thu nh\u1eadn r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed, c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi xu\u1ea5t gia theo ng\u00e0i v\u00e0 l\u1eadp th\u00e0nh T\u0103ng \u0111o\u00e0n (Sangha), c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u0169ng c\u00f2n t\u1ea1i gia, g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u01b0 s\u0129. V\u00f9ng truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 v\u00f9ng \u0110\u00f4ng B\u1eafc \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 gi\u00e1p bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi x\u1ee9 Nepal, d\u1ecdc theo c\u00e1c nh\u00e1nh s\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1ee3ng ngu\u1ed3n s\u00f4ng Gange (H\u1eb1ng h\u00e0) [1, 2, 3].<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ng\u00e0i th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt C\u1ed3 \u0110\u00e0m (Buddha Gotama). Ch\u1eef “Ph\u1eadt” l\u00e0 ti\u1ebfng g\u1ecdi t\u1eaft c\u1ee7a “Ph\u1eadt \u0110\u00e0”, phi\u00ean \u00e2m t\u1eeb ch\u1eef Ph\u1ea1n “Buddha” – ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00ecnh d\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u00f3 n\u01a1i g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u00f4ng B\u1ee5t – ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 (Gi\u00e1c Gi\u1ea3) . Trong c\u00e1c kinh s\u00e1ch ghi l\u1ea1i, ng\u00e0i th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ef1 g\u1ecdi m\u00ecnh l\u00e0 Tagatatha (Nh\u01b0 Lai). Ng\u00e0i c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed t\u1eeb c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia trong v\u00f9ng, g\u1ed3m \u0111\u1ee7 m\u1ecdi th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, l\u1ee9a tu\u1ed5i, nam n\u1eef, v\u00e0 t\u1eeb nhi\u1ec1u ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t kho t\u00e0ng qu\u00ed gi\u00e1 g\u1ed3m nhi\u1ec1u b\u00e0i thuy\u1ebft gi\u1ea3ng (Kinh, Sutta), th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi t\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t l\u00e0 “t\u00e1m v\u1ea1n b\u1ed1n ng\u00e0n” ph\u00e1p m\u00f4n, trong nhi\u1ec1u d\u1ecbp gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y cho h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed, b\u1eadc th\u00e1nh thanh v\u0103n, c\u01b0 s\u0129, … V\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 b\u00e0nh tr\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a T\u0103ng \u0111o\u00e0n, Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t ra nhi\u1ec1u gi\u1edbi lu\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i trong c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c tu t\u1eadp (Vinaya, Gi\u1edbi). Ngo\u00e0i ra c\u00f2n nhi\u1ec1u b\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t kh\u00e1c m\u00e0 v\u1ec1 sau n\u1ea7y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00fac k\u1ebft l\u1ea1i trong b\u1ed9 A T\u1ef3 \u0110\u00e0m (Abhidhamma).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

K\u1ebft T\u1eadp \u0110\u1ea7u Ti\u00ean<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Ba th\u00e1ng sau khi \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt t\u1ecbch di\u1ec7t, m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i c\u00e1c v\u1ecb tu s\u0129 (T\u1ef3 kh\u01b0u, Bhikkhu) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c, ng\u00e0y nay \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea1i H\u1ed9i T\u0103ng Gi\u00e0 I, t\u1ea1i v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ed3i n\u00fai ngo\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh Rajagaha (V\u01b0\u01a1ng X\u00e1). M\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 k\u1ebft t\u1eadp c\u00e1c b\u00e0i kinh gi\u1ea3ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u lu\u1eadt th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebb h\u01a1n [4]. Ch\u1ee7 tr\u00ec ph\u1ea7n Lu\u1eadt l\u00e0 T\u1ef3 kh\u01b0u Upali (\u01afu Ba Ly), v\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 tr\u00ec ph\u1ea7n Kinh l\u00e0 T\u1ef3 kh\u01b0u Ananda (A Nan \u0110\u00e0), l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1eadn s\u1ef1 v\u1edbi \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt v\u00e0 v\u00ec th\u1ebf c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u d\u1ecbp nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 nghe v\u00e0 ghi nh\u1edb c\u00e1c b\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i. \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i g\u1ed3m kho\u1ea3ng 500 v\u1ecb cao t\u0103ng duy\u1ec7t l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c gi\u1edbi lu\u1eadt v\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u00e0i thuy\u1ebft ph\u00e1p, s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp th\u00e0nh hai nh\u00f3m ch\u00ednh: Lu\u1eadt T\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 Kinh T\u1ea1ng. Qua nh\u1eefng thu th\u1eadp l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3, Kinh T\u1ea1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n chia l\u00e0m 4 B\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh: Tr\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ed9, Trung b\u1ed9, T\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01b0ng b\u1ed9, v\u00e0 T\u0103ng Chi b\u1ed9.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

K\u1ebft T\u1eadp L\u1ea7n Th\u1ee9 2<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Trong 45 n\u0103m ho\u1eb1ng d\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ea1o ph\u00e1p, \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 \u0111i nhi\u1ec1u n\u01a1i, gi\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ea1o cho nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 k\u1ebft n\u1ea1p nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed. C\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i \u1edf r\u1ea3i r\u00e1c kh\u1eafp n\u01a1i, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o c\u00f9ng v\u1ec1 tham d\u1ef1 \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean. Do \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 b\u00e0i thuy\u1ebft gi\u1ea3ng v\u00e0 gi\u1edbi lu\u1eadt ph\u1ee5 do \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u1eb7t ra \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft t\u1eadp trong k\u1ef3 \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i \u0111\u00f3 [4].<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

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V\u00ec v\u1eady m\u00e0 kho\u1ea3ng 100 n\u0103m sau, n\u0103m 383 tr\u01b0\u1edbc CN, m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i k\u1ebft t\u1eadp kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c, theo y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a t\u0103ng ch\u00fang th\u00e0nh Vesali v\u00e0 Vajji [5]. Sau l\u1ea7n k\u1ebft t\u1eadp n\u1ea7y, Lu\u1eadt T\u1ea1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c gi\u1edbi lu\u1eadt m\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i bi\u1ec3u cho r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft t\u1eadp trong k\u1ef3 \u0110\u1ea1i H\u1ed9i I, v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c b\u00e0i kinh gi\u1ea3ng kh\u00e1c ch\u01b0a k\u1ebft t\u1eadp, t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 kinh th\u1ee9 5 c\u1ee7a Kinh T\u1ea1ng (Ti\u1ec3u B\u1ed9).<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

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Sau l\u1ea7n k\u1ebft t\u1eadp n\u1ea7y, Lu\u1eadt T\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 Kinh T\u1ea1ng xem nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e0nh h\u00ecnh, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng c\u00f3 l\u1ebd c\u0169ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 b\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trong b\u1ed9 \u0110\u1ea1i T\u1ea1ng hi\u1ec7n nay [4].<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

K\u1ebft T\u1eadp L\u1ea7n Th\u1ee9 3<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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M\u1ed9t tr\u0103m ba m\u01b0\u01a1i n\u0103m sau \u0111\u00f3, n\u0103m 253 tr\u01b0\u1edbc CN, vua Asoka (A D\u1ee5c) c\u1ee7a \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 cho tri\u1ec7u t\u1eadp \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 III. Ti\u1ec3u B\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a Kinh T\u1ea1ng l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 k\u1ebft t\u1eadp th\u00eam nhi\u1ec1u b\u00e0i kinh gi\u1ea3ng kh\u00e1c. Quan tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n h\u1ebft l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00fac k\u1ebft c\u00e1c b\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng v\u1ec1 t\u00e2m l\u00fd, th\u1ec3 t\u00ednh v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a v\u1ea1n ph\u00e1p, t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh Th\u1eafng Ph\u00e1p T\u1ea1ng (Abhidhamma, A T\u1ef3 \u0110\u00e0m, Vi Di\u1ec7u Ph\u00e1p, Lu\u1eadn T\u1ea1ng).<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

K\u1ebft T\u1eadp L\u1ea7n Th\u1ee9 4<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Kho\u1ea3ng n\u0103m 20 tr\u01b0\u1edbc CN, 500 n\u0103m sau ng\u00e0y Ph\u1eadt nh\u1eadp \u0110\u1ea1i Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n, vua Vattagamani c\u1ee7a T\u00edch Lan (Sri Lanka) tri\u1ec7u t\u1eadp \u0110\u1ea1i H\u1ed9i T\u0103ng Gi\u00e0 IV t\u1ea1i Aluhivihara — g\u1ea7n th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 Kandy ng\u00e0y nay [1], k\u1ebft t\u1eadp l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n Kinh, Lu\u1eadt, v\u00e0 \u0111\u00fac k\u1ebft ph\u1ea7n Th\u1eafng Ph\u00e1p T\u1ea1ng [6]. \u0110\u1ec3 g\u00ecn gi\u1eef c\u00e1c b\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt d\u00f9 \u0111\u00e3 k\u1ebft t\u1eadp nh\u01b0ng ch\u1ec9 truy\u1ec1n kh\u1ea9u trong 500 n\u0103m qua, ba t\u1ea1ng kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho vi\u1ebft l\u1ea1i tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i gi\u1ea5y b\u1eb1ng l\u00e1 b\u1ed1i-\u0111a kh\u00f4 [4, 10]. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 Tam T\u1ea1ng Pali \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh h\u00ecnh, v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n thay \u0111\u1ed5i n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

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Trong th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y, Mi\u1ebfn \u0110i\u1ec7n c\u00f3 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c hai k\u1ef3 k\u1ebft t\u1eadp kh\u00e1c: k\u1ebft t\u1eadp l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 V, n\u0103m 1870, v\u00e0 l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 VI, n\u0103m 1954. Tuy nhi\u00ean c\u00e1c k\u1ef3 k\u1ebft t\u1eadp n\u1ea7y ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m s\u00e1ng t\u1ecf c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u00ednh trong kinh, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i g\u00ec trong b\u1ed9 Tam T\u1ea1ng [5].<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

Tam T\u1ea1ng Kinh \u0110i\u1ec3n<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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“T\u1ea1ng” hay “T\u00e0ng” l\u00e0 gi\u1ecf ch\u1ee9a, ch\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9a, ti\u1ebfng Pali g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Pitaka. Ng\u00e0y x\u01b0a t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c ch\u00f9a l\u1edbn th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 “T\u00e0ng Kinh C\u00e1c” \u0111\u1ec3 l\u01b0u tr\u1eef c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 kinh qu\u00ed. Tam T\u1ea1ng theo ti\u1ebfng Pali g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Tipitaka, Ba Gi\u1ecf Ch\u1ee9a (The Three Baskets), g\u1ed3m c\u00f3 Lu\u1eadt T\u1ea1ng (Vinaya Pitaka), Kinh T\u1ea1ng (Sutta Pitaka), v\u00e0 Th\u1eafng Ph\u00e1p T\u1ea1ng (Abhidhamma Pitaka, c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Vi Di\u1ec7u Ph\u00e1p, hay Lu\u1eadn T\u1ea1ng). Sau \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 s\u01a1 l\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c t\u1ea1ng n\u1ea7y:<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

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1. Lu\u1eadt T\u1ea1ng (Vinaya Pitaka)<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

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T\u1ea1ng n\u1ea7y bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c gi\u1edbi lu\u1eadt v\u00e0 nghi l\u1ec5 cho nam tu s\u0129 (Bhikkhu, T\u1ef3 kh\u01b0u) v\u00e0 n\u1eef tu s\u0129 (Bhikkhuni, T\u1ef3 kh\u01b0u ni), c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c gia nh\u1eadp t\u0103ng \u0111o\u00e0n, truy\u1ec1n gi\u1edbi lu\u1eadt, sinh ho\u1ea1t t\u0103ng ch\u00fang, c\u00e1ch h\u00e0nh x\u1eed trong c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p vi ph\u1ea1m gi\u1edbi lu\u1eadt, vv. T\u1ea1ng n\u1ea7y th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia l\u00e0m 5 b\u1ed9 [1, 7]:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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1. Ba-la-di (Parajika),
2. Ba-d\u1eadt-\u0111\u1ec1 (Pacittiya),
3. \u0110\u1ea1i Ph\u1ea9m (Mahavagga),
4. Ti\u1ec3u Ph\u1ea9m (Cullavagga), v\u00e0
5. To\u00e1t Y\u1ebfu (Parivara).<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

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2. Kinh T\u1ea1ng (Sutta Pitaka)<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

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G\u1ed3m 5 b\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh (Nikaya): Tr\u01b0\u1eddng B\u1ed9 (Digha Nikaya), Trung B\u1ed9 (Majjhima Nikaya), T\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01afng B\u1ed9 (Samyutta Nikaya), T\u0103ng Chi B\u1ed9 (Anguttara Nikaya), v\u00e0 Ti\u1ec3u B\u1ed9 (Khuddaka Nikaya). Trong h\u1ec7 Sanskrit (B\u1eafc Ph\u1ea1n), c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 n\u1ea7y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 A H\u00e0m (Agamas). Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 A H\u00e0m nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb th\u1ea5t l\u1ea1c v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n kinh ti\u1ebfng Sanskrit r\u1eddi r\u1ea1c, m\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n nay ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 H\u00e1n d\u1ecbch t\u1eeb nhi\u1ec1u ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c b\u1ed9 ph\u00e1i v\u00e0 qua nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1eddi kh\u00e1c nhau [6].<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

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Tr\u01b0\u1eddng B\u1ed9<\/em><\/strong> l\u00e0 t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c b\u00e0i kinh d\u00e0i, g\u1ed3m 34 b\u00e0i kinh, \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ecbch sang Vi\u1ec7t ng\u1eef, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 hai quy\u1ec3n ph\u1ed5 th\u00f4ng nh\u1ea5t: Kinh \u0110\u1ea1i B\u00e1t Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n (Maha Parinibanna Sutta) v\u00e0 Kinh \u0110\u1ea1i Qu\u00e1n Ni\u1ec7m (Maha Satipattana Sutta). Ngo\u00e0i c\u00e1c b\u00e0i thuy\u1ebft gi\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt, B\u1ed9 n\u1ea7y c\u0169ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1c b\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ee9c Sariputta (X\u00e1 L\u1ee3i Ph\u1ea5t), v\u1ecb \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u c\u00f3 t\u00e0i thuy\u1ebft gi\u1ea3ng h\u00f9ng bi\u1ec7n nh\u1ea5t th\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u1ecb \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed n\u1ed7i ti\u1ebfng kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

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Trung B\u1ed9 <\/em><\/strong>g\u1ed3m c\u00f3 152 b\u00e0i kinh s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp trong 15 ph\u1ea9m, theo t\u1eebng ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1. B\u1ed9 kinh n\u1ea7y r\u1ea5t ph\u1ed5 th\u00f4ng trong gi\u1edbi Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng Anh ng\u1eef v\u00e0 c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ecbch sang Vi\u1ec7t ng\u1eef. B\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch Anh ng\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec7u ch\u1ec9nh nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n, v\u00e0 b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch m\u1edbi nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ed9i Buddhist Publication Society, T\u00edch Lan, xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n n\u0103m 1995. C\u00e1c b\u00e0i kinh quan tr\u1ecdng th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u00e9p h\u00e0nh thi\u1ec1n qu\u00e1n ni\u1ec7m (Satipattana Sutta), ch\u00ednh ki\u1ebfn (Sammaditthi), c\u00e1ch t\u1ecbnh t\u00e2m (Kakacupama), cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt (Ariyaparyesana), t\u1ee9 di\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ebf (Mahahatthipadopama), kh\u00f4ng t\u00ednh (Culasunnata), qu\u00e1n ni\u1ec7m h\u01a1i th\u1edf (Anapanasati), vv… C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 kinh quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t, bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c b\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng tu t\u1eadp, th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh l\u1eddi Ph\u1eadt d\u1ea1y.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

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T\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01afng B\u1ed9<\/em><\/strong> g\u1ed3m 2,889 b\u00e0i kinh ng\u1eafn, chia l\u00e0m 5 ch\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 56 ph\u1ea9m. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c b\u00e0i kinh c\u00f3 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 gi\u1ed1ng nhau v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn, ho\u1eb7c v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 trong th\u1eddi \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt. C\u00f3 nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng quan tr\u1ecdng v\u1ec1 12 nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean v\u00e0 v\u1ec1 37 ph\u1ea7n b\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ec1 (37 ph\u1ea9m tr\u1ee3 \u0111\u1ea1o).<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

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T\u0103ng Chi B\u1ed9<\/em><\/strong> l\u00e0 b\u1ed9 kinh d\u1ef1a theo c\u00e1ch s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp s\u1ed1 h\u1ecdc (ph\u00e1p s\u1ed1), t\u1eeb c\u00e1c ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn 1 ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed, 1 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1, d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n l\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u00f3 11 ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed hay y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1. V\u00ec v\u1eady, b\u1ed9 kinh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia l\u00e0m 11 ch\u01b0\u01a1ng, g\u1ed3m 2,308 b\u00e0i kinh.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

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Ti\u1ec3u B\u1ed9<\/em><\/strong> th\u1eadt ra kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 b\u1ed9 s\u00e1ch nh\u1ecf, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p 15 b\u1ed9 s\u00e1ch nh\u1ecf:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \n
  1. Ti\u1ec3u T\u1ee5ng, Khuddaka Patha<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  2. Ph\u00e1p C\u00fa, Dhammapada<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  3. Ph\u1eadt T\u1ef1 Thuy\u1ebft, Udana<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  4. Nh\u01b0 Th\u1ecb Ng\u1eef (Ph\u1eadt Thuy\u1ebft Nh\u01b0 V\u1eady), Itivuttaka<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  5. Kinh T\u1eadp, Sutta Nipata<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  6. Thi\u00ean Cung S\u1ef1, Vimana Vatthu<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  7. Ng\u1ea1 Qu\u1ef7 S\u1ef1, Peta Vatthu<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  8. Tr\u01b0\u1edfng L\u00e3o T\u0103ng K\u1ec7, Theragatha<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  9. Tr\u01b0\u1edfng L\u00e3o Ni K\u1ec7, Therigatha<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  10. B\u1ed5n Sanh, Jataka<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  11. Ngh\u0129a Th\u00edch, Niddesa<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  12. V\u00f4 Ng\u1ea1i Gi\u1ea3i \u0110\u1ea1o, Patisambhidamagga<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  13. Th\u00ed D\u1ee5, Apadana<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  14. Ph\u1eadt S\u1eed, Buddhavamsa<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  15. S\u1edf H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng, Cariya Pitaka<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n
    \n

    3. Th\u1eafng Ph\u00e1p T\u1ea1ng (Abhidhamma Pitaka)<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

    \n

    C\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Vi Di\u1ec7u Ph\u00e1p hay Lu\u1eadn T\u1ea1ng, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c b\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt v\u1ec1 th\u1ec3 t\u00ednh v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a v\u1ea1n ph\u00e1p, ph\u00e2n gi\u1ea3i tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 t\u00e2m l\u00fd h\u1ecdc. Th\u1eafng Ph\u00e1p T\u1ea1ng g\u1ed3m c\u00f3 7 quy\u1ec3n:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \n

    1. Ph\u00e1p t\u1ee5 (Dhammasangani)
    2. Ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t (Vibhanga)
    3. Gi\u1edbi thuy\u1ebft (Dhatukatha)
    4. Nh\u00e2n thi thi\u1ebft (Puggala Pannatti)
    5. Bi\u1ec7n gi\u1ea3i (Kathavathu)
    6. Song lu\u1eadn (Yamaka)
    7. Nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean thuy\u1ebft (Patthana).<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

    4. C\u00e1c th\u00e1nh \u0111i\u1ec3n tr\u1ecdng y\u1ebfu kh\u00e1c:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Ngo\u00e0i Tam T\u1ea1ng Kinh \u0110i\u1ec3n c\u00f2n c\u00f3 c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 Ch\u00fa Gi\u1ea3i v\u00e0 Ph\u1ee5 Ch\u00fa Gi\u1ea3i Kinh \u0110i\u1ec3n, v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m Pali quan tr\u1ecdng kh\u00e1c c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp v\u00e0 l\u01b0u truy\u1ec1n cho \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y nay:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \n

    \u0110\u1ea3o s\u1eed (Dipavamsa)
    \u0110\u1ea1i s\u1eed (Mahavamsa)
    Ti\u1ec3u s\u1eed (Culavamsa)
    Mi Lan \u0110a v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ea1o (Milindapanha)
    Thanh t\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ea1o lu\u1eadn (Visuddhi Magga)
    Th\u1eafng ph\u00e1p t\u1eadp y\u1ebfu lu\u1eadn (Abhidhammattha Sanghaha)<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

    \u0110\u1ea1i T\u1ea1ng Vi\u1ec7t Ng\u1eef<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \n

    M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o l\u1edbn \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t l\u00e2u \u0111\u1eddi t\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc ta tr\u00ean 18 th\u1ebf k\u1ef7, cho \u0111\u1ebfn nay ch\u00fang ta v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 Tam T\u1ea1ng \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 b\u1eb1ng ch\u1eef Vi\u1ec7t. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u1ea7y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi nh\u1eadn t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1eadp ni\u00ean 1950 [5], m\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 40 n\u0103m qua, c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c d\u1ecbch thu\u1eadt v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a ho\u00e0n t\u1ea5t. Th\u1eadt ra, c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh d\u1ecbch thu\u1eadt sang ch\u1eef qu\u1ed1c ng\u1eef t\u1eeb c\u00e1c kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n H\u00e1n t\u1ea1ng b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u trong th\u1eadp ni\u00ean 1930 v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ecb danh t\u0103ng v\u00e0 h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 trong c\u00e1c phong tr\u00e0o ph\u1ee5c h\u01b0ng Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5n h\u01b0ng Ph\u1eadt h\u1ecdc [11].<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    M\u1ed9t ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh phi\u00ean d\u1ecbch v\u00e0 \u1ea5n h\u00e0nh \u0110\u1ea1i T\u1ea1ng Kinh Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1989, d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ch\u1eef Pali v\u00e0 ch\u1eef H\u00e1n. \u0110\u1ebfn nay (1998), Vi\u1ec7n Nghi\u00ean C\u1ee9u Ph\u1eadt H\u1ecdc Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t h\u00e0nh Tr\u01b0\u1eddng B\u1ed9 (v\u00e0 Tr\u01b0\u1eddng A H\u00e0m), Trung B\u1ed9 (v\u00e0 Trung A H\u00e0m), T\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01afng B\u1ed9 (v\u00e0 T\u1ea1p A H\u00e0m), T\u0103ng Chi B\u1ed9 (v\u00e0 T\u0103ng Nh\u1ea5t A H\u00e0m) b\u1eb1ng Vi\u1ec7t ng\u1eef, c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c quy\u1ec3n trong Ti\u1ec3u B\u1ed9: Kinh T\u1eadp, Ph\u00e1p C\u00fa, Nh\u01b0 Th\u1ecb Ng\u1eef, Ph\u1eadt T\u1ef1 Thuy\u1ebft, Tr\u01b0\u1edfng L\u00e3o t\u0103ng K\u1ec7, Tr\u01b0\u1edfng L\u00e3o Ni K\u1ec7, B\u1ed5n Sanh, v.v.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    H\u1ec7 ph\u00e1i Nguy\u00ean Th\u1ee7y (Nam T\u00f4ng) Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u00e3 \u1ea5n h\u00e0nh c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 Vi Di\u1ec7u Ph\u00e1p do H\u00f2a th\u01b0\u1ee3ng T\u1ecbnh S\u1ef1 d\u1ecbch. B\u1ed9 Lu\u1eadt c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ecbch t\u1eeb c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n ch\u1eef H\u00e1n (Lu\u1eadt T\u1ee9 Ph\u1ea7n Gi\u1edbi B\u1ed5n Nh\u01b0 Th\u00edch, HT H\u00e0nh Tr\u1ee5 d\u1ecbch). C\u00e1c quy\u1ec3n Thanh T\u1ecbnh \u0110\u1ea1o (Ni s\u01b0 Tr\u00ed H\u1ea3i d\u1ecbch), Th\u1eafng Ph\u00e1p T\u1eadp Y\u1ebfu Lu\u1eadn (HT Minh Ch\u00e2u d\u1ecbch) v\u00e0 Mi Lan \u0110a V\u1ea5n \u0110\u1ea1o (Mi Ti\u00ean V\u1ea5n \u0110\u00e1p, HT Gi\u1edbi Nghi\u00eam d\u1ecbch) c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y. Th\u00eam v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, v\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i n\u0103m 2005, T\u1ef3 kh\u01b0u Indacanda \u0111\u00e3 ho\u00e0n t\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c d\u1ecbch thu\u1eadt to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 T\u1ea1ng Lu\u1eadt t\u1eeb ngu\u1ed3n Pali.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

    -oOo-<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Ghi ch\u00fa:<\/strong> To\u00e0n b\u1ed9 kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n Pali ng\u1eef v\u00e0 b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch Anh ng\u1eef \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c H\u1ed9i Kinh \u0110i\u1ec3n Pali (Pali Text Society) l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n trong 100 n\u0103m qua. Xin xem b\u00e0i gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u b\u1eb1ng Anh ng\u1eef t\u1ea1i: https:\/\/zencomp.com\/greatwisdom\/ebud\/ebsut028.htm<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \n\n\n\n

    Tham Kh\u1ea3o<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \n

    [1] Narada Mahathera (1980), The Buddha and His Teachings, Buddhist Publication Society, Sri Lanka (\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt v\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt Ph\u00e1p, b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch Vi\u1ec7t ng\u1eef c\u1ee7a Ph\u1ea1m Kim Kh\u00e1nh)
    [2] Th\u00edch Nh\u1ea5t H\u1ea1nh (1992), \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng X\u01b0a M\u00e2y Tr\u1eafng, L\u00e1 B\u1ed1i, France
    [3] Sister Vijira and Francis Story (1988), The Maha Parinibbana Sutta, Buddhist Publication Society, Sri Lanka
    [4] Bodhesako (1984), Beginnings: The Pali Suttas, Buddhist Publication Society, Sri Lanka
    [5] Th\u00edch \u0110\u1ee9c Nhu\u1eadn (1983), Ph\u1eadt H\u1ecdc Tinh Hoa, Ph\u1eadt H\u1ecdc Vi\u1ec7n Qu\u1ed1c T\u1ebf, USA
    [6] Christmas Humprhey (1962), Buddhism, Penguin Books, UK
    [7] Russell Webb (1991), An Analysis of The Pali Canon, Buddhist Publication Society, Sri Lanka
    [8] Th\u00edch Ch\u01a1n Thi\u1ec7n (1991), T\u0103ng Gi\u00e0 Th\u1eddi \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt, Vi\u1ec7n Nghi\u00ean C\u1ee9u Ph\u1eadt H\u1ecdc Vi\u1ec7t Nam, Vietnam
    [9] Ph\u1ea1m Kim Kh\u00e1nh (1997), H\u00e0nh H\u01b0\u01a1ng X\u1ee9 Ph\u1eadt, Trung T\u00e2m Narada, Seatle, USA
    [10] H.W. Schuman, The Historical Buddha (\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt L\u1ecbch S\u1eed, b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch Vi\u1ec7t ng\u1eef c\u1ee7a Tr\u1ea7n Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng Lan, Vi\u1ec7n Nghi\u00ean C\u1ee9u Ph\u1eadt H\u1ecdc, S\u00e0i G\u00f2n, 1997).
    [11] Nguy\u1ec5n Lang (1985), Vi\u1ec7t Nam Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o S\u1eed Lu\u1eadn, T\u1eadp 3, L\u00e1 B\u1ed1i, France.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

    B\u00ecnh Anson,
    M\u00f9a Ph\u1eadt \u0110\u1ea3n 1995, Perth, Western Australia
    B\u1ed5 sung: th\u00e1ng 4-2006<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \n\n\n\n

    Ph\u1ee5 ch\u00fa:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba (Mahayana, B\u1eafc T\u00f4ng)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

    Kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 sau n\u1ea7y, v\u00e0o kho\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ea7u C\u00f4ng nguy\u00ean (CN) — 300 \u0111\u1ebfn 700 n\u0103m sau ng\u00e0y Ph\u1eadt nh\u1eadp \u0110\u1ea1i Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n, kh\u00f4ng r\u00f5 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c xu\u1ea5t x\u1ee9 v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u gi\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft kh\u00e1c nhau, kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft do ai k\u1ebft t\u1eadp v\u00e0o th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 n\u00e0o, ban \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00e0 v\u00e0i b\u1ed9 kinh ng\u1eafn r\u1ed3i d\u1ea7n d\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 l\u1edbn h\u01a1n v\u1edbi v\u0103n phong kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t, v\u00e0 ng\u00e0y nay c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n nguy\u00ean b\u1ea3n tr\u1ecdn v\u1eb9n. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ecbch sang ch\u1eef H\u00e1n v\u00e0 ch\u1eef T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng qua nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 kh\u00e1c nhau b\u1edfi nhi\u1ec1u d\u1ecbch gi\u1ea3 thu\u1ed9c nh\u1eefng t\u00f4ng ph\u00e1i kh\u00e1c nhau, v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y nay. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n H\u00e1n t\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c th\u00ec l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 l\u1ea5y danh l\u00e0 l\u1eddi Ph\u1eadt d\u1ea1y nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 l\u1ebd \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u01b0\u1edbc t\u00e1c t\u1ea1i Trung Hoa trong th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c b\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt, c\u00e1c lu\u1eadn gi\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a t\u0103ng s\u0129, v\u00e0 ng\u1eef l\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 s\u01b0. Ngo\u00e0i t\u1ea1ng Lu\u1eadt<\/strong> — tr\u00ean c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n r\u1ea5t t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 v\u1edbi t\u1ea1ng Lu\u1eadt Pali, c\u00f2n c\u00f3 t\u1ea1ng Kinh<\/strong> g\u1ed3m c\u00f3 c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 A H\u00e0m — d\u1ecbch thu\u1eadt t\u1eeb nhi\u1ec1u ngu\u1ed3n kh\u00e1c nhau — v\u00e0 c\u00e1c kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n m\u1edbi, v\u00e0 t\u1ea1ng Lu\u1eadn<\/strong> g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i v\u00e0 lu\u1eadn thuy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c v\u1ecb t\u0103ng s\u0129 \u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba v\u1ec1 sau n\u1ea7y. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i t\u00ednh \u0111a d\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 phong ph\u00fa c\u1ee7a kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n \u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba l\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 dung n\u1ea1p h\u1ed7n \u0111\u1ed9n, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, c\u00e1c t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u v\u1ec1 Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o — ho\u1eb7c c\u00f3 v\u1ebb mang t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i pha tr\u1ed9n c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o thuy\u1ebft kh\u00e1c — xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n r\u00e3i r\u00e1c trong c\u00e1c th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 \u0111\u1ea7u C\u00f4ng nguy\u00ean trong th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh t\u00f4ng ph\u00e1i n\u1ea7y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 li\u1ec7t k\u00ea s\u01a1 l\u01b0\u1ee3c danh s\u00e1ch kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba [a,b]:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    1. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1eddi Long Th\u1ecd (Nagarjuna, s\u01a1 t\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o, th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 III CN):<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \n
    \n

    Kinh \u0110\u1ea1i ph\u1ea9m B\u00e1t Nh\u00e3
    Kinh Ti\u1ec3u ph\u1ea9m B\u00e1t Nh\u00e3
    Kinh Di\u1ec7u Ph\u00e1p Li\u00ean Hoa
    Kinh Hoa Nghi\u00eam
    Kinh \u0110\u1ea1i V\u00f4 L\u01b0\u1ee3ng Th\u1ecd
    Kinh Th\u1ee7 L\u0103ng Nghi\u00eam Tam Mu\u1ed9i
    Kinh Duy Ma C\u1eadt<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

    Tr\u01b0\u1edbc t\u00e1c c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i M\u00e3 Minh (Asvaghosa, \u0111\u1ea7u C\u00f4ng nguy\u00ean):<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \n

    Ph\u1eadt s\u1edf h\u1ea1nh t\u00e1n
    \u0110\u1ea1i Trang Nghi\u00eam lu\u1eadn
    Th\u1eadp B\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ea1o
    L\u1ee5c th\u00fa lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i
    S\u1ef1 s\u01b0 ph\u00e1p Ng\u0169 th\u1eadp t\u1ee5ng
    Ni Ki\u1ec1n T\u1eed v\u1ea5n v\u00f4 ng\u00e3 ngh\u0129a
    \u0110\u1ea1i t\u00f4n \u0111\u1ecba huy\u1ec1n v\u0103n b\u1ea3n lu\u1eadn
    \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba kh\u1edfi t\u00edn lu\u1eadn<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

    2. Th\u1eddi Long Th\u1ecd (Nagarjuna), \u0110\u1ec1 B\u00e0 (Deva), B\u1ea1t \u0110\u00e0 La (Bhadra):<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \n

    2.1 Ng\u00e0i Long Th\u1ecd tr\u01b0\u1edbc t\u00e1c nhi\u1ec1u b\u1ed9 lu\u1eadn, nh\u01b0ng d\u1ecbch sang H\u00e1n g\u1ed3m:<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

    \n
    \n

    Trung qu\u00e1n lu\u1eadn
    B\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e2m ly t\u01b0\u1edbng lu\u1eadn
    Th\u1eadp nh\u1ecb m\u00f4n lu\u1eadn
    H\u1ed3i tr\u00e1nh lu\u1eadn
    \u0110\u1ea1i tr\u00ed \u0111\u1ed9 lu\u1eadn
    Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n t\u00e2m lu\u1eadn
    Th\u1eadp tr\u1ee5 T\u1ef3 B\u00e0 Sa lu\u1eadn
    Khuy\u1ebfn ph\u00e1t ch\u01b0 v\u01b0\u01a1ng y\u1ebfu k\u1ec7
    Th\u1eadp b\u00e1t Kh\u00f4ng lu\u1eadn
    T\u00e1n ph\u00e1p gi\u1edbi t\u1ee5ng
    \u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba ph\u00e1 h\u1eefu lu\u1eadn
    Qu\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ea1i ph\u00e1t nguy\u1ec7n t\u1ee5ng
    B\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ec1 t\u01b0 l\u01b0\u01a1ng lu\u1eadn<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

    \n

    2.2 Ng\u00e0i \u0110\u1ec1 B\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1edbc t\u00e1c:<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

    \n
    \n

    B\u00e1ch lu\u1eadn
    B\u00e1ch t\u1ef1 lu\u1eadn
    Qu\u1ea3ng b\u00e1ch lu\u1eadn<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

    \n

    2.3 Ng\u00e0i B\u1ea1t \u0110\u00e0 La tr\u01b0\u1edbc t\u00e1c:<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

    \n
    \n

    Ch\u00fa th\u00edch Trung lu\u1eadn<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

    3. Sau th\u1eddi Long Th\u1ecd:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \n
    \n

    Kinh Th\u1eafng Man
    Kinh Gi\u1ea3i Th\u00e2m M\u1eadt
    Kinh \u0110\u1ea1i B\u00e1t Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n (\u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n)
    Kinh L\u0103ng Gi\u00e0<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

    4. Th\u1eddi V\u00f4 Tr\u01b0\u1edbc (Asanga, th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 IV-V CN):<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \n

    4.1 Tr\u01b0\u1edbc t\u00e1c c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i Di L\u1eb7c (Maitreya):<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

    \n
    \n

    Du Gi\u00e0 S\u01b0 \u0110\u1ecba lu\u1eadn
    \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba Trang nghi\u00eam kinh lu\u1eadn
    Th\u1eadp \u0111\u1ecba kinh lu\u1eadn
    Trung bi\u00ean ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t lu\u1eadn<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

    \n

    4.2 Tr\u01b0\u1edbc t\u00e1c c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i V\u00f4 Tr\u01b0\u1edbc (Asanga):<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

    \n
    \n

    Hi\u1ec3n d\u01b0\u01a1ng Th\u00e1nh gi\u00e1o lu\u1eadn
    Kim Cang B\u00e1t nh\u00e3 Ba la m\u1eadt \u0111a kinh lu\u1eadn
    Nhi\u1ebfp \u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba lu\u1eadn
    Thu\u1eadn Trung lu\u1eadn
    \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba A T\u1ef3 \u0110\u1ea1t Ma t\u1ea1p lu\u1eadn<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

    \n

    4.3 Tr\u01b0\u1edbc t\u00e1c c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i Th\u1ebf Th\u00e2n (Vasubandhu) th\u00ec r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u, nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 sau \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ecbch sang H\u00e1n:<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

    \n
    \n

    A T\u1ef3 \u0110\u1ea1t Ma C\u00e2u X\u00e1 lu\u1eadn
    Nhi\u1ebfp \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba lu\u1eadn th\u00edch
    A T\u1ef3 \u0110\u1ea1t Ma C\u00e2u X\u00e1 b\u1ea3n t\u1ee5ng
    Th\u1eadp \u0111\u1ecba kinh lu\u1eadn
    Duy th\u1ee9c Tam th\u1eadp t\u1ee5ng
    Di\u1ec7u Ph\u00e1p Li\u00ean Hoa kinh \u01afu B\u00e0 \u0110\u1ec1 X\u00e1
    Duy th\u1ee9c Nh\u1ecb th\u1eadp t\u1ee5ng
    V\u00f4 L\u01b0\u1ee3ng Th\u1ecd kinh \u01afu B\u00e0 \u0110\u1ec1 X\u00e1
    \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba B\u00e1ch ph\u00e1p Minh m\u00f4n lu\u1eadn
    Chuy\u1ec3n Ph\u00e1p lu\u00e2n \u01afu B\u00e0 \u0110\u1ec1 X\u00e1
    \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba Ng\u0169 u\u1ea9n lu\u1eadn
    Kim C\u01b0\u01a1ng B\u00e1i nh\u00e3 Ba la m\u1eadt kinh lu\u1eadn
    Ph\u1eadt t\u00ednh lu\u1eadn
    L\u1ee5c m\u00f4n gi\u00e1o th\u1ecd t\u1eadp \u0111\u1ecbnh lu\u1eadn<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

    (B\u00ecnh Anson, th\u00e1ng 12-1998)<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    [a] Gi\u00e1c Ng\u1ed9, s\u1ed1 126, th\u00e1ng 08-1998.
    [b] Th\u00edch Thanh Ki\u1ec3m, 1995. L\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o \u1ea4n \u0111\u1ed9.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    B\u00ecnh Anson Trong 45 n\u0103m truy\u1ec1n gi\u1ea3ng con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t, \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt thu nh\u1eadn r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed, c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi xu\u1ea5t gia theo ng\u00e0i v\u00e0 l\u1eadp th\u00e0nh T\u0103ng \u0111o\u00e0n (Sangha), c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u0169ng c\u00f2n t\u1ea1i gia, g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u01b0 s\u0129. V\u00f9ng truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 v\u00f9ng \u0110\u00f4ng B\u1eafc \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 gi\u00e1p bi\u00ean […]\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[3],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-8","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-lich-su"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/phapphat.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/phapphat.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/phapphat.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/phapphat.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/phapphat.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=8"}],"version-history":[{"count":8,"href":"https:\/\/phapphat.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":289,"href":"https:\/\/phapphat.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8\/revisions\/289"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/phapphat.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=8"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/phapphat.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=8"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/phapphat.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=8"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}