{"id":541,"date":"2025-02-09T16:23:49","date_gmt":"2025-02-09T09:23:49","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/phapvien.com\/?p=541"},"modified":"2025-02-09T16:24:29","modified_gmt":"2025-02-09T09:24:29","slug":"541","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/phapphat.com\/?p=541","title":{"rendered":"Gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u ph\u00e1p Thi\u1ec1n Nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt"},"content":{"rendered":"\n
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<\/h2>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

H\u00f2a th\u01b0\u1ee3ng Th\u00edch Minh Ch\u00e2u<\/em><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

<\/h3>\n\n\n\n\n\n

Nh\u01b0 Lai Thi\u1ec1n trong kinh t\u1ea1ng P\u00e0li, hay “H\u00e0nh Thi\u1ec1n, m\u1ed9t n\u1ebfp s\u1ed1ng l\u00e0nh m\u1ea1nh trong s\u00e1ng, m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c h\u01b0\u1edbng th\u01b0\u1ee3ng”, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn Nh\u01b0 Lai Thi\u1ec1n m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn T\u1ed5 S\u01b0 Thi\u1ec1n. \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y ch\u00fang t\u00f4i h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf trong Kinh T\u1ea1ng P\u00e0li m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn A-t\u1ef3-\u0111\u00e0m – T\u1ea1ng P\u00e0li, v\u1edbi ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u00edch mu\u1ed1n gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u cho c\u00e1c Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 Thi\u1ec1n nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y l\u00e0 g\u00ec, tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft l\u00e0 ngang qua kinh nghi\u1ec7m b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt khi ng\u00e0i ch\u01b0a th\u00e0nh \u0110\u1ea1o, khi Ng\u00e0i th\u00e0nh \u0110\u1ea1o, trong su\u1ed1t 45 n\u0103m thuy\u1ebft ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng khi Ng\u00e0i nh\u1eadp Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n. Ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u00fang t\u00f4i gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u ph\u00e1p m\u00f4n Thi\u1ec1n ngang qua nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi d\u1ea1y c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i trong kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n, ch\u00fa tr\u1ecdng gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u ph\u00e1p m\u00f4n Thi\u1ec1n nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t n\u1ebfp s\u1ed1ng l\u00e0nh m\u1ea1nh trong s\u00e1ng, m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c h\u01b0\u1edbng th\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng ngay trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i, v\u1eeba l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t v\u00e0 gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9. Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i xin gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u m\u1ed9t ph\u00e1p m\u00f4n Thi\u1ec1n: Ph\u00e1p m\u00f4n Anap\u00e0nasati, ni\u1ec7m h\u01a1i th\u1edf v\u00f4 h\u01a1i th\u1edf ra, m\u1ed9t Ph\u00e1p m\u00f4n Thi\u1ec1n nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y do \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y, m\u1ed9t ph\u00e1p m\u00f4n Ch\u1ec9 qu\u00e1n, \u0110\u1ecbnh Tu\u1ec7 song tu m\u00e0 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh, ngay trong hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u1ecdi tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u1ec1u n\u00eau r\u00f5 xu\u1ea5t x\u1ee9, tr\u00edch t\u1eeb trong Kinh t\u1ea1ng P\u00e0li n\u00e0o, \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi d\u1ea1y c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3, v\u00e0 gi\u00fap cho nh\u1eefng ai mu\u1ed1n t\u1ef1 m\u00ecnh nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u t\u01b0 li\u1ec7u c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 truy nguy\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i xin tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y: Nh\u1eefng kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt v\u1ec1 Thi\u1ec1n<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Thi\u1ec1n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u00e1p m\u00f4n do s\u00e1ng ki\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt, do kinh nghi\u1ec7m tu t\u1eadp b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i, kh\u00f4ng m\u1ed9t ai d\u1ea1y cho Ng\u00e0i, v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh nh\u1edd kinh nghi\u1ec7m b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n \u1ea5y m\u1edbi gi\u00fap cho Ng\u00e0i x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t ph\u00e1p m\u00f4n gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t v\u00e0 gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9, r\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o, tuy\u1ec7t di\u1ec7u; \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p m\u00f4n: Gi\u1edbi \u0110\u1ecbnh Tu\u1ec7.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kinh nghi\u1ec7m Thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt l\u00e0 khi Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ea1o v\u1edbi Alara Kalama v\u1ec1 ph\u00e1p m\u00f4n V\u00f4-s\u1edf-h\u1eefu-x\u1ee9, v\u00e0 h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ea1o v\u1edbi Uddaka Ramaputta v\u1ec1 ph\u00e1p m\u00f4n Phi-t\u01b0\u1edfng Phi-phi-t\u01b0\u1edfng-x\u1ee9. Hai ph\u00e1p m\u00f4n Thi\u1ec1n ngo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea1o, Ng\u00e0i h\u1ecdc, Ng\u00e0i h\u00e0nh, Ng\u00e0i ch\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hai v\u1ecb ngo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea1o s\u01b0 x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 th\u1eadt ch\u1ee9ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nh\u01b0ng Ng\u00e0i nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y hai ph\u00e1p m\u00f4n \u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng \u0111em \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t n\u00ean Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecf \u0111i. Hai v\u1ecb ngo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea1o s\u01b0 \u1ea5y x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn: “Ph\u00e1p m\u00e0 t\u00f4i t\u1ef1 tri, t\u1ef1 ch\u1ee9ng, t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ea1t v\u00e0 tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1, ch\u00ednh ph\u00e1p \u1ea5y hi\u1ec1n gi\u1ea3 t\u1ef1 tri, t\u1ef1 ch\u1ee9ng, t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ea1t v\u00e0 an tr\u00fa. Ph\u00e1p m\u00e0 hi\u1ec1n gi\u1ea3 t\u1ef1 tri, t\u1ef1 ch\u1ee9ng, t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ea1t v\u00e0 an tr\u00fa, ch\u00ednh ph\u00e1p \u1ea5y t\u00f4i t\u1ef1 tri, t\u1ef1 ch\u1ee9ng, t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ea1t v\u00e0 tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1. Ph\u00e1p m\u00e0 t\u00f4i bi\u1ebft, ch\u00ednh ph\u00e1p \u1ea5y hi\u1ec1n gi\u1ea3 bi\u1ebft; Ph\u00e1p m\u00e0 hi\u1ec1n gi\u1ea3 bi\u1ebft, ch\u00ednh Ph\u00e1p \u1ea5y t\u00f4i bi\u1ebft. T\u00f4i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o, hi\u1ec1n gi\u1ea3 l\u00e0 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady; hi\u1ec1n gi\u1ea3 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o, t\u00f4i l\u00e0 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady. Nay h\u00e3y \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2y, hi\u1ec1n gi\u1ea3! Hai ch\u00fang ta h\u00e3y ch\u0103m s\u00f3c h\u1ed9i ch\u00fang n\u00e0y”. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, n\u00e0y c\u00e1c T\u1ef7-kheo, Alara Kalama l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1o s\u01b0 c\u1ee7a Ta, l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1eb7t Ta, \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y ngang h\u00e0ng v\u1edbi m\u00ecnh, v\u00e0 t\u00f4n s\u00f9ng Ta v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 t\u00f4n s\u00f9ng t\u1ed1i th\u01b0\u1ee3ng. N\u00e0y c\u00e1c T\u1ef7-kheo, r\u1ed3i ta t\u1ef1 suy ngh\u0129: “Ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn y\u1ebfm ly, kh\u00f4ng h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn ly tham, kh\u00f4ng h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111o\u1ea1n di\u1ec7t, kh\u00f4ng h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn an t\u1ecbnh, kh\u00f4ng h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn th\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u00ed, kh\u00f4ng h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9, kh\u00f4ng h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n, m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea1t V\u00f4 s\u1edf h\u1eefu x\u1ee9. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, n\u00e0y c\u00e1c T\u1ef7-kheo, Ta kh\u00f4ng t\u00f4n k\u00ednh Ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y, v\u00e0 t\u1eeb kh\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u00e1p \u1ea5y, Ta b\u1ecf \u0111i” (Trung B\u1ed9 Kinh<\/em>).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kinh nghi\u1ec7m th\u1ee9 hai l\u00e0 kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt khi ch\u01b0a th\u00e0nh \u0110\u1ea1o, Ng\u00e0i mu\u1ed1n \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u1eeb c\u00e1c d\u1ee5c, nh\u01b0ng v\u00ec Ng\u00e0i ch\u01b0a h\u00e0nh Thi\u1ec1n, n\u00ean ch\u01b0a \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u1eeb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tham s\u00e2n si, nh\u01b0 \u0111o\u1ea1n kinh sau \u0111\u00e2y n\u00eau r\u00f5: “N\u00e0y Mah\u00e0n\u00e0ma, thu\u1edf x\u01b0a, khi Ta c\u00f2n l\u00e0 v\u1ecb B\u1ed3-t\u00e1t, ch\u01b0a ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c B\u1ed3-\u0111\u1ec1, ch\u01b0a th\u00e0nh Ch\u00e1nh \u0111\u1eb3ng, Ch\u00e1nh gi\u00e1c, Ta kh\u00e9o th\u1ea5y nh\u01b0 th\u1eadt ch\u00e1nh ki\u1ebfn: “C\u00e1c d\u1ee5c, v\u1ecb \u00edt, kh\u1ed5 nhi\u1ec1u, n\u00e3o nhi\u1ec1u, s\u1ef1 nguy hi\u1ec3m \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n”. D\u1ea7u ta kh\u00e9o th\u1ea5y v\u1edbi nh\u01b0 th\u1eadt ch\u00e1nh ki\u1ebfn nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, nh\u01b0ng Ta ch\u01b0a ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ef7 l\u1ea1c do ly d\u1ee5c, ly b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p sanh, hay m\u1ed9t ph\u00e1p n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c cao th\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u01a1n, v\u00e0 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, Ta bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng ta ch\u01b0a kh\u1ecfi b\u1ecb c\u00e1c d\u1ee5c chi ph\u1ed1i. V\u00e0 n\u00e0y Mah\u00e0n\u00e0ma, khi n\u00e0o Ta kh\u00e9o th\u1ea5y v\u1edbi nh\u01b0 th\u1eadt ch\u00e1nh qu\u00e1n: “C\u00e1c d\u1ee5c, vui \u00edt, kh\u1ed5 nhi\u1ec1u, n\u00e3o nhi\u1ec1u, v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 nguy hi\u1ec3m \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y l\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n”. V\u00e0 ta ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ef7 l\u1ea1c do ly d\u1ee5c, ly b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p sanh, hay m\u1ed9t ph\u00e1p n\u00e0o cao th\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u01a1n, nh\u01b0 v\u1eady ta m\u1edbi kh\u1ecfi c\u00e1c d\u1ee5c chi ph\u1ed1i” (Trung B\u1ed9 Kinh<\/em>)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kinh nghi\u1ec7m n\u00e0y n\u00eau r\u00f5, ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t m\u00ecnh nh\u01b0 th\u1eadt qu\u00e1n c\u00e1c d\u1ee5c l\u00e0 vui \u00edt kh\u1ed5 nhi\u1ec1u ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ee7, ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 h\u00e0nh Thi\u1ec1n, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ef7 l\u1ea1c do ly d\u1ee5c sanh m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nhi\u1ebfp ph\u1ee5c v\u00e0 \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u1eeb c\u00e1c d\u1ee5c. Ch\u00ednh do kinh nghi\u1ec7m n\u00e0y, \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt sau n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 h\u00e0nh Thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ec3 nhi\u1ebfp ph\u1ee5c c\u00e1c d\u1ee5c v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp ph\u00e1p m\u00f4n Gi\u1edbi \u0110\u1ecbnh Tu\u1ec7, trong \u1ea5y c\u00f3 Thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kinh nghi\u1ec7m th\u1ee9 ba c\u1ee7a Sa-m\u00f4n Gotama l\u00e0 khi tu h\u00e0nh s\u00e1u n\u0103m kh\u1ed5 h\u1ea1nh \u0111\u00e3 xong, Ng\u00e0i nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y kh\u1ed5 h\u1ea1nh kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t, n\u00ean Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eeb b\u1ecf kh\u1ed5 h\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn Uruvela.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y, Ng\u00e0i t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u1ea3 \u00e1i, c\u00f3 con s\u00f4ng trong s\u00e1ng ch\u1ea3y g\u1ea7n, m\u1ed9t kh\u00f3m r\u1eebng tho\u1ea3i m\u00e1i, m\u1ed9t tr\u00fa x\u1ee9 thu\u1eadn ti\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 h\u00e0nh Thi\u1ec1n. Ng\u00e0i ch\u1ecdn l\u1ef1a \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m \u1ea5y v\u00e0 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh ng\u1ed3i xu\u1ed1ng t\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ec3 tu tr\u00ec. Nh\u01b0ng ba v\u00ed d\u1ee5 \u0111\u00e3 kh\u1edfi l\u00ean, gi\u00fap Ng\u00e0i hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 ph\u1ea3i h\u00e0nh Thi\u1ec1n nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o m\u1edbi c\u00f3 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u00ed d\u1ee5 th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t, m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ea7m l\u1eeda l\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t kh\u00fac c\u00e2y \u0111\u1eabm \u01b0\u1edbt \u0111\u1ea7y nh\u1ef1a s\u1ed1ng, \u0111\u1eb7t v\u00e0o trong n\u01b0\u1edbc r\u1ed3i c\u1ecd x\u00e1t v\u1edbi d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 l\u00e0m l\u1eeda \u0111\u1ec3 nhen l\u1eeda. L\u1ebd d\u0129 nhi\u00ean, v\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n n\u00e0y, l\u1eeda kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 nhen nh\u00fam \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u00ed d\u1ef1 th\u1ee9 hai c\u0169ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean, l\u1ea7n n\u00e0y kh\u00fac c\u00e2y v\u1eabn \u0111\u1eabm \u01b0\u1edbt, v\u1eabn \u0111\u1ea7y nh\u1ef1a s\u1ed1ng, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbt ra kh\u1ecfi n\u01b0\u1edbc, n\u1ebfu c\u00f3 c\u1ecd x\u00e1t v\u1edbi d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 l\u00e0m l\u1eeda \u0111\u1ec3 nhen l\u1eeda, l\u1ebd d\u0129 nhi\u00ean v\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n n\u00e0y l\u1eeda c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 nhen nh\u00fam \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u00ed d\u1ee5 th\u1ee9 ba n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u00fac c\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nh\u1ef1a, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbt kh\u1ecfi n\u01b0\u1edbc, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7t tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t kh\u00f4. N\u1ebfu ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y c\u1ecd x\u00e1t kh\u00fac c\u00e2y \u1ea5y v\u1edbi d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 l\u00e0m l\u1eeda, th\u1eddi l\u1eeda c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n ra. V\u00ed d\u1ee5 n\u00e0y gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u cho Sa-m\u00f4n Gotama r\u00f5 l\u00e0 mu\u1ed1n h\u00e0nh Thi\u1ec1n cho c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 th\u1eddi ph\u1ea3i ly d\u1ee5c, ly b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p m\u1edbi hy v\u1ecdng ch\u1ee9ng qu\u1ea3 nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 ghi trong \u0111o\u1ea1n kinh Trung B\u1ed9:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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“N\u00e0y Aggivessana, nh\u1eefng t\u00f4n gi\u1ea3 Sa-m\u00f4n hay B\u00e0 la m\u00f4n n\u00e0o s\u1ed1ng kh\u00f4ng x\u1ea3 ly c\u00e1c d\u1ee5c v\u1ecdng v\u1ec1 th\u00e2n, v\u1ec1 n\u1ed9i t\u00e2m ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00e9o \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u1eeb, ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00e9o l\u00e0m cho nh\u1eb9 b\u1edbt, nh\u1eefng t\u00f4n gi\u1ea3 Sa-m\u00f4n hay B\u00e0-la-m\u00f4n \u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c V\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1ee3ng Ch\u00e1nh \u0111\u1eb3ng gi\u00e1c… N\u1ebfu t\u00f4n gi\u1ea3 Sa-m\u00f4n hay B\u00e0-la-m\u00f4n n\u00e0o s\u1ed1ng x\u1ea3 ly c\u00e1c d\u1ee5c v\u1ecdng v\u1ec1 th\u00e2n… v\u00e0 n\u1ed9i t\u00e2m \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00e9o \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u1eeb, \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00e9o l\u00e0m cho nh\u1eb9 b\u1edbt, nh\u1eefng t\u00f4n gi\u1ea3 Sa-m\u00f4n hay B\u00e0-la-m\u00f4n \u1ea5y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tri ki\u1ebfn V\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1ee3ng Ch\u00e1nh \u0111\u1eb3ng Ch\u00e1nh gi\u00e1c”.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

Ba v\u00ed d\u1ee5 tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u cho Sa-m\u00f4n Gotama bi\u1ebft l\u00e0 mu\u1ed1n h\u00e0nh Thi\u1ec1n cho c\u00f3 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i ly d\u1ee5c, ly b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p. Do v\u1eady, sau n\u00e0y khi d\u1ea1y v\u1ec1 h\u00e0nh Thi\u1ec1n \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n ti\u00ean quy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a h\u00e0nh Thi\u1ec1n ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m l\u00e0 “ly d\u1ee5c, ly b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p”. C\u00f2n \u0111\u1eafm say c\u00e1c d\u1ee5c, c\u00f2n l\u00e0m c\u00e1c h\u1ea1nh b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n, th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 h\u00e0nh Thi\u1ec1n cho c\u00f3 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3. Nh\u1eefng kinh nghi\u1ec7m qu\u00ed b\u00e1u n\u00e0y \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng khi Ng\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y v\u1ec1 Thi\u1ec1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u1ed9t kinh nghi\u1ec7m n\u1eefa \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi Sa-m\u00f4n Gotama: Sau khi tu h\u00e0nh kh\u1ed5 h\u1ea1nh trong 6 n\u0103m kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3, Ng\u00e0i t\u1ef1 h\u1ecfi c\u00f3 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9, v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi ghi nh\u1eadn c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i khi Ng\u00e0i h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u00ecm m\u1ed9t con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00e1c, nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 ghi trong \u0110\u1ea1i kinh Saccaka, Trung B\u1ed9 Kinh:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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“Nh\u01b0ng ta v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 kh\u1ed5 h\u1ea1nh kh\u1ed1c li\u1ec7t nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0y v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1p th\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u00e2n, tri ki\u1ebfn th\u00f9 th\u0103ng x\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e1ng b\u1eadc Th\u00e1nh. Hay l\u00e0 c\u00f3 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9?”.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

“N\u00e0y Aggivessana, r\u1ed3i Ta suy ngh\u0129 nh\u01b0 sau: “Ta bi\u1ebft, trong khi ph\u1ee5 th\u00e2n Ta, d\u00f2ng h\u1ecd Th\u00edch Ca, \u0111ang c\u00e0y v\u00e0 Ta \u0111ang ng\u1ed3i d\u01b0\u1edbi b\u00f3ng m\u00e1t c\u00e2y Di\u00eam ph\u00f9 \u0111\u1ec1. Ta ly d\u1ee5c ly b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p, ch\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 tr\u00fa Thi\u1ec1n th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t, m\u1ed9t tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i h\u1ef7 l\u1ea1c do ly d\u1ee5c sanh, c\u00f3 t\u1ea7m c\u00f3 t\u1ee9, khi an tr\u00fa nh\u01b0 v\u1eady Ta ngh\u0129: “Theo con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 ch\u0103ng”? V\u00e0 n\u00e0y Aggivessana, ti\u1ebfp theo \u00fd ni\u1ec7m \u1ea5y, \u00fd th\u1ee9c n\u00e0y kh\u1edfi l\u00ean n\u01a1i Ta: “\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9”.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

V\u1edbi kinh nghi\u1ec7m n\u00e0y, Sa-m\u00f4n m\u00f4n Gotama th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh Thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u1ee9ng S\u01a1 thi\u1ec1n, Thi\u1ec1n th\u1ee9 hai, Thi\u1ec1n th\u1ee9 ba, Thi\u1ec1n th\u1ee9 t\u01b0. R\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ebfn Thi\u1ec1n th\u1ee9 t\u01b0, Ng\u00e0i h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u00e2m v\u00e0 ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ba minh v\u00e0 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, Ng\u00e0i th\u00e0nh \u0110\u1ea1o, ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Th\u00e1nh qu\u1ea3, th\u00e0nh b\u1eadc Ch\u00e1nh gi\u00e1c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i ghi ch\u00e9p sau \u0111\u00e2y kinh nghi\u1ec7m h\u00e0nh Thi\u1ec1n, ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi trong \u0110\u1ea1i Kinh Saccaka:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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“V\u00e0 n\u00e0y Aggivessana, sau khi \u0103n th\u00f4 th\u1ef1c v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ee9c l\u1ef1c tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i, Ta ly d\u1ee5c ly b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p, ch\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 tr\u00fa Thi\u1ec1n th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t, m\u1ed9t tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i h\u1ef7 l\u1ea1c do ly d\u1ee5c sanh c\u00f3 t\u1ea7m c\u00f3 t\u1ee9. N\u00e0y Aggivessana, nh\u01b0 v\u1eady l\u00e0 th\u1ecd kh\u1edfi l\u00ean n\u01a1i Ta, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng chi ph\u1ed1i t\u00e2m Ta. Di\u1ec7t t\u1ea7m v\u00e0 t\u1ee9, ch\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 tr\u00fa Thi\u1ec1n th\u1ee9 hai, m\u1ed9t tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i h\u1ef7 l\u1ea1c do \u0111\u1ecbnh sanh, kh\u00f4ng t\u1ea7m kh\u00f4ng t\u1ee9, n\u1ed9i t\u0129nh nh\u1ea5t t\u00e2m. N\u00e0y Aggivessana, nh\u01b0 v\u1eady l\u1ea1c th\u1ecd kh\u1edfi l\u00ean n\u01a1i Ta, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng chi ph\u1ed1i t\u00e2m Ta. Ly h\u1ef7 tr\u00fa x\u1ea3, ch\u00e1nh ni\u1ec7m t\u0129nh gi\u00e1c, th\u00e2n c\u1ea3m s\u1ef1 l\u1ea1c th\u1ecd m\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u1eadc Th\u00e1nh g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 x\u1ea3 ni\u1ec7m l\u1ea1c tr\u00fa, ch\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 tr\u00fa Thi\u1ec1n th\u1ee9 ba. N\u00e0y Aggivessana, nh\u01b0 v\u1eady l\u1ea1c th\u1ecd kh\u1edfi l\u00ean n\u01a1i Ta, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng chi ph\u1ed1i t\u00e2m Ta. X\u1ea3 ni\u1ec7m x\u1ea3 kh\u1ed5, di\u1ec7t h\u1ef7 \u01b0u \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ea3m th\u1ecd tr\u01b0\u1edbc, ch\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 tr\u00fa Thi\u1ec1n th\u1ee9 t\u01b0, kh\u00f4ng kh\u1ed5 kh\u00f4ng l\u1ea1c, x\u1ea3 ni\u1ec7m thanh t\u1ecbnh. N\u00e0y Aggivessana, nh\u01b0 v\u1eady l\u1ea1c th\u1ecd kh\u1edfi l\u00ean n\u01a1i Ta”.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

R\u1ed3i v\u1edbi t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u0129nh trong Thi\u1ec1n th\u1ee9 t\u01b0 \u1ea5y, Sa-m\u00f4n m\u00f4n Gotama h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn T\u00fac m\u1ea1ng minh, \u0111\u1ebfn Thi\u00ean nh\u00e3n minh, \u0111\u1ebfn L\u1eadu t\u1eadn minh:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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“Nh\u1edd hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a Ta tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi d\u1ee5c l\u1eadu, tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi h\u1eefu l\u1eadu, tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi v\u00f4 minh l\u1eadu. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u1ef1 th\u00e2n \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, kh\u1edfi l\u00ean s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft: “Ta \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t”. Ta \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft: “Sanh \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eadn, ph\u1ea1m h\u1ea1nh \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e0nh. Vi\u1ec7c c\u1ea7n l\u00e0m \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n tr\u1edf lui tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i n\u00e0y n\u1eefa”. N\u00e0y Aggivessana, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 Minh th\u1ee9 ba, Ta \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trong canh cu\u1ed1i, v\u00f4 minh di\u1ec7t minh sanh, m\u00ea t\u1ed1i di\u1ec7t \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng sanh, do ta s\u1ed1ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u00f3ng d\u1eadt, nhi\u1ec7t t\u00e2m, tinh c\u1ea7n” (Trung B\u1ed9 Kinh).<\/em><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

Sau khi \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt th\u00e0nh \u0110\u1ea1o, n\u1ebfp s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c di\u1ec5n ra trong Kinh t\u1ea1ng P\u00e0li l\u00e0 thuy\u1ebft ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ed9 sanh, v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh Thi\u1ec1n gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t. Th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 \u1edf n\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2y hai h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh linh \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a b\u1eadc gi\u00e1o ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt l\u00e0 thuy\u1ebft Ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh Thi\u1ec1n. Trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt, ngo\u00e0i tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m thuy\u1ebft Ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ed9 sanh, \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng h\u00e0nh Thi\u1ec1n. Bu\u1ed5i s\u00e1ng \u0111i kh\u1ea5t th\u1ef1c, \u0111\u1ed9 ng\u1ecd xong, Ng\u00e0i \u0111i s\u00e2u v\u00e0o r\u1eebng n\u00fai \u0111\u1ec3 h\u00e0nh Thi\u1ec1n. Bu\u1ed5i chi\u1ec1u, \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1eeb Thi\u1ec1n t\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ed9c c\u01b0 \u0111\u1ee9ng d\u1eady, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 bu\u1ed5i chi\u1ec1u Ng\u00e0i c\u0169ng h\u00e0nh Thi\u1ec1n. Ban \u0111\u00eam, trong canh m\u1ed9t Ng\u00e0i \u0111i kinh h\u00e0nh. Trong canh hai, Ng\u00e0i \u0111i kinh h\u00e0nh v\u00e0 ng\u1ed3i Thi\u1ec1n. Canh ba, Ng\u00e0i n\u1eb1m ngh\u1ec9 v\u1edbi d\u00e1ng n\u1eb1m con s\u01b0 t\u1eed. Ng\u00e0i th\u1ee9c d\u1eady, l\u1ea1i \u0111i kinh h\u00e0nh v\u00e0 ng\u1ed3i Thi\u1ec1n. Khi Ng\u00e0i nh\u1eadp Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n, Ng\u00e0i c\u0169ng t\u1eeb n\u01a1i c\u1ea3nh Thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u00e0 nh\u1eadp Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n: “Xu\u1ea5t Thi\u1ec1n th\u1ee9 t\u01b0, Ng\u00e0i nh\u1eadp \u0111\u1ecbnh Thi\u1ec1n th\u1ee9 ba. Xu\u1ea5t Thi\u1ec1n th\u1ee9 ba, Ng\u00e0i nh\u1eadp \u0111\u1ecbnh Thi\u1ec1n th\u1ee9 hai. Xu\u1ea5t thi\u1ec1n th\u1ee9 hai, Ng\u00e0i nh\u1eadp \u0111\u1ecbnh S\u01a1 Thi\u1ec1n. Xu\u1ea5t S\u01a1 Thi\u1ec1n, Ng\u00e0i nh\u1eadp \u0111\u1ecbnh Thi\u1ec1n th\u1ee9 hai. Xu\u1ea5t Thi\u1ec1n th\u1ee9 hai, Ng\u00e0i nh\u1eadp \u0111\u1ecbnh Thi\u1ec1n th\u1ee9 ba. Xu\u1ea5t Thi\u1ec1n th\u1ee9 ba, Ng\u00e0i nh\u1eadp \u0111\u1ecbnh Thi\u1ec1n th\u1ee9 t\u01b0. Xu\u1ea5t Thi\u1ec1n th\u1ee9 t\u01b0, Ng\u00e0i l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c Nh\u1eadp di\u1ec7t” (Trung B\u1ed9 Kinh).<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p hai l\u1eddi khuy\u00ean n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt cho c\u00e1c T\u1ef7-kheo xu\u1ea5t gia: “N\u00e0y c\u00e1c T\u1ef7-kheo, khi c\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ed9i h\u1ecdp l\u1ea1i, th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 hai vi\u1ec7c ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m: m\u1ed9t l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e0m lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p, hai l\u00e0 gi\u1eef im l\u1eb7ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t b\u1eadc Th\u00e1nh” (Trung B\u1ed9 Kinh).<\/em> V\u00e0 s\u1ef1 im l\u1eb7ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c b\u1eadc Th\u00e1nh \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 h\u00e0nh Thi\u1ec1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u1eddi d\u1ea1y th\u1ee9 hai l\u00e0 l\u1eddi khuy\u00ean h\u00e0nh Thi\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt: “N\u00e0y c\u00e1c T\u1ef7-kheo, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng g\u1ed1c c\u00e2y, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u0103n nh\u00e0 tr\u1ed1ng. N\u00e0y c\u00e1c T\u1ef7-kheo, h\u00e3y tu Thi\u1ec1n, ch\u1edb c\u00f3 ph\u00f3ng d\u1eadt, ch\u1edb c\u00f3 sanh l\u00f2ng h\u1ed1i h\u1eadn v\u1ec1 sau. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 l\u1eddi gi\u00e1o gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a Ta cho c\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u1eddi”<\/em>. V\u00e0 khi s\u1eafp Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n, \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt nh\u1eafc \u0111i nh\u1eafc l\u1ea1i n\u1ebfp s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t T\u1ef7-kheo t\u1ed1i th\u1eafng l\u00e0 tu Thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh, Thi\u1ec1n qu\u00e1n:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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“V\u00e0 n\u00e0y Ananda, \u1edf \u0111\u1eddi T\u1ef7-kheo qu\u00e1n th\u00e2n tr\u00ean th\u00e2n… qu\u00e1n th\u1ecd tr\u00ean c\u00e1c c\u1ea3m th\u1ecd…. qu\u00e1n t\u00e2m tr\u00ean t\u00e2m… qu\u00e1n ph\u00e1p tr\u00ean c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p, nhi\u1ec7t t\u00e2m, t\u1ec9nh gi\u00e1c, ch\u00e1nh ni\u1ec7m, nhi\u1ebfp ph\u1ee5c m\u1ecdi tham \u01b0u \u1edf \u0111\u1eddi. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady n\u00e0y Ananda, T\u1ef7-kheo t\u1ef1 m\u00ecnh l\u00e0 ng\u1ecdn \u0111\u00e8n cho ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh, t\u1ef1 m\u00ecnh y t\u1ef1a ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh, kh\u00f4ng y t\u1ef1a m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb kh\u00e1c, d\u00f9ng Ch\u00e1nh ph\u00e1p l\u00e0m ng\u1ecdn \u0111\u00e8n, d\u00f9ng Ch\u00e1nh ph\u00e1p l\u00e0m ch\u1ed7 n\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1a, kh\u00f4ng n\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1a m\u1ed9t g\u00ec kh\u00e1c. Nh\u1eefng v\u1ecb \u1ea5y, n\u00e0y Ananda, l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng v\u1ecb t\u1ed1i th\u01b0\u1ee3ng trong h\u00e0ng T\u1ef7-kheo c\u1ee7a Ta” (Tr\u01b0\u1eddng B\u1ed9 Kinh, Kinh \u0110\u1ea1i B\u00e1t Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n).<\/em><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

L\u1eddi d\u1ea1y n\u1ea7y c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u1eddi khuy\u00ean tu Thi\u1ec1n v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh Thi\u1ec1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u1edbi m\u1ed9t b\u1eadc \u0110\u1ea1o s\u01b0, tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi th\u00e0nh \u0110\u1ea1o \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u kinh nghi\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 Thi\u1ec1n nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 ra con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng Gi\u1edbi \u0110\u1ecbnh Tu\u1ec7 \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t, trong \u1ea5y Thi\u1ec1n chi\u1ebfm m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb tr\u00ed quan tr\u1ecdng, cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi th\u00e0nh \u0110\u1ea1o v\u00e0 nh\u1eadp Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n, c\u0169ng \u0111i\u1ec1u l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng kinh nghi\u1ec7m b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n v\u1ec1 Thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, t\u1eeb khi th\u00e0nh \u0110\u1ea1o cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi nh\u1eadp Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n, Ng\u00e0i s\u1ed1ng m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng h\u1eb1ng ng\u00e0y h\u00e0nh Thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i l\u1ea1c tr\u00fa v\u00e0 s\u00e1ch t\u1ea5n c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed tu h\u00e0nh, cho \u0111\u1ebfn trong su\u1ed1t 45 n\u0103m thuy\u1ebft ph\u00e1p, l\u1eddi gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 h\u00e0nh Thi\u1ec1n. \u0110\u1ebfn gi\u1edd ph\u00fat g\u1ea7n nh\u1eadp Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n, l\u1eddi khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng cho c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed c\u0169ng l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi kh\u00edch l\u1ec7 h\u00e0nh Thi\u1ec1n. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t b\u1eadc \u0110\u1ea1o s\u01b0 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean h\u00e0nh Thi\u1ec1n chi\u1ebfm m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb v\u1eeba \u01b0u ti\u00ean, v\u1eeba quan tr\u1ecdng trong nh\u1eefng kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n Ng\u00e0i d\u1ea1y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u1eady nay, ch\u00fang ta h\u00e3y t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u Thi\u1ec1n l\u00e0 g\u00ec, v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh t\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a Thi\u1ec1n l\u00e0 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o? Ch\u1eef Thi\u1ec1n t\u1eeb ch\u1eef P\u00e0li l\u00e0 Jh\u00e0na, t\u1eeb ch\u1eef Sanskrit l\u00e0 Dhy\u00e0na, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Ng\u00e0i Buddhaghosa \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a nh\u01b0 sau: “Aramman, \u00f9panijjh\u00e0nato paccanika – jh\u00e0panato v\u00e0 jhapam” (Thanh T\u1ecbnh \u0110\u1ea1o, 150<\/em>) ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 do Thi\u1ec1n tr\u00ean c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn, v\u00e0 do \u0111\u1ed1t ch\u00e1y nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u0111\u1ed1i ngh\u1ecbch n\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Thi\u1ec1n. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, Thi\u1ec1n l\u00e0 c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng r\u1ed3i Thi\u1ec1n t\u01b0 tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u1ea5y, khi\u1ebfn cho kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed1t ch\u00e1y, thi\u00eau h\u1ee7y c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ed1i ngh\u1ecbch, \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y, ch\u1ec9 cho c\u00e1c tri\u1ec1n c\u00e1i v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ki\u1ebft s\u1eed phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a v\u1ec1 Thi\u1ec1n trong c\u00e1c kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ed3ng v\u00e0o trong khung c\u1ea3nh Gi\u1edbi \u0110\u1ecbnh Tu\u1ec7, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn \u0110\u1ecbnh t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 Thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 Thi\u1ec1n. Nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a n\u00e0y c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u chi ti\u1ebft v\u00e0 v\u00ed d\u1ee5, v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n t\u00edch th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng giai \u0111o\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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– S\u1eeda so\u1ea1n h\u00e0nh Thi\u1ec1n
– \u0110o\u1ea1n tr\u1eeb c\u00e1c tri\u1ec1n c\u00e1i
– Ch\u1ee9ng S\u01a1 thi\u1ec1n cho \u0111\u1ebfn T\u1ee9 thi\u1ec1n<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

A. S\u1eeda so\u1ea1n h\u00e0nh Thi\u1ec1n<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sau khi th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u Gi\u1edbi u\u1ea9n, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u h\u1ed9 tr\u00ec c\u00e1c c\u0103n, ti\u1ebft \u0111\u1ed9 trong \u0103n u\u1ed1ng, ch\u00fa t\u00e2m c\u1ea3nh gi\u00e1c, ch\u00e1nh ni\u1ec7m t\u1ec9nh gi\u00e1c, h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3: “L\u1ef1a m\u1ed9t ch\u1ed7 thanh v\u1eafng, t\u1ecbch m\u1ecbch nh\u01b0 khu r\u1eebng, g\u1ed1c c\u00e2y, khe n\u00fai, hang \u0111\u00e1, b\u00e3i tha ma, l\u00f9m c\u00e2y, ngo\u00e0i tr\u1eddi, \u0111\u1ed1ng r\u01a1m. Sau khi \u0111i kh\u1ea5t th\u1ef1c v\u00e0 \u0103n xong, v\u1ecb \u1ea5y ng\u1ed3i ki\u1ebft gi\u00e0, l\u01b0ng th\u1eb3ng v\u00e0 an tr\u00fa ni\u1ec7m tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eb7t”. (Kinh Trung B\u1ed9<\/em>).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trong s\u1ef1 s\u1eeda so\u1ea1n h\u00e0nh Thi\u1ec1n, ch\u00fang ta th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 ph\u1ea3i gi\u1eef Gi\u1edbi, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i s\u1ed1ng m\u1ed9t n\u1ebfp s\u1ed1ng trong s\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 l\u00e0nh m\u1ea1nh, m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u00e0nh Thi\u1ec1n. N\u00f3i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, h\u00e0nh Thi\u1ec1n ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 khi n\u1ebfp s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a h\u00e0nh Thi\u1ec1n l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i ly d\u1ee5c, ly b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p. Nh\u1eefng ai \u0103n nhi\u1ec1u, ng\u1ee7 nhi\u1ec1u, t\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean kh\u00f3 h\u00e0nh Thi\u1ec1n; nh\u1eefng ai say \u0111\u1eafm n\u0103m d\u1ee5c, say \u0111\u1eafm v\u1ec1 r\u01b0\u1ee3u men r\u01b0\u1ee3u n\u1ea5u, l\u00e0m c\u00e1c h\u1ea1nh b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 th\u00e2n, v\u1ec1 l\u1eddi, v\u1ec1 \u00fd, t\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean kh\u00f3 h\u00e0nh Thi\u1ec1n. N\u00f3i t\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u00e0nh Thi\u1ec1n ph\u1ea3i s\u1ed1ng m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng l\u00e0nh m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 trong s\u1ea1ch, th\u1eddi h\u00e0nh Thi\u1ec1n m\u1edbi c\u00f3 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

B. \u0110o\u1ea1n tr\u1eeb c\u00e1c Tri\u1ec1n c\u00e1i<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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“V\u1ecb \u1ea5y t\u1eeb b\u1ecf d\u1ee5c tham \u1edf \u0111\u1eddi, s\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi t\u00e2m tho\u00e1t ly d\u1ee5c tham, g\u1ed9i r\u1eeda t\u00e2m h\u1ebft d\u1ee5c tham. T\u1eeb b\u1ecf s\u00e2n h\u1eadn, v\u1ecb \u1ea5y s\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi t\u00e2m kh\u00f4ng s\u00e2n h\u1eadn, l\u00f2ng t\u1eeb m\u1eabn th\u01b0\u01a1ng x\u00f3t t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u00fang h\u1eefu t\u00ecnh, g\u1ed9i r\u1eeda t\u00e2m h\u1ebft s\u00e2n h\u1eadn. T\u1eeb b\u1ecf h\u00f4n tr\u1ea7m th\u1ee5y mi\u00ean, v\u1edbi t\u00e2m h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u1ec1 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng, ch\u00e1nh ni\u1ec7m t\u1ec9nh gi\u00e1c, g\u1ed9i r\u1eeda t\u00e2m h\u1ebft h\u00f4n tr\u1ea7m th\u1ee5y mi\u00ean. T\u1eeb b\u1ecf tr\u1ea1o c\u1eed h\u1ed1i qu\u00e1, v\u1ecb \u1ea5y s\u1ed1ng kh\u00f4ng tr\u1ea1o c\u1eed h\u1ed1i ti\u1ebfc, n\u1ed9i t\u00e2m tr\u1ea7m l\u1eb7ng, g\u1ed9i r\u1eeda t\u00e2m h\u1ebft tr\u1ea1o c\u1eed h\u1ed1i ti\u1ebfc. T\u1eeb b\u1ecf nghi ng\u1edd, v\u1ecb \u1ea5y s\u1ed1ng tho\u00e1t ly kh\u1ecfi nghi ng\u1edd, kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e2n v\u00e2n l\u01b0\u1ee1ng l\u1ef1, g\u1ed9i r\u1eeda t\u00e2m h\u1ebft nghi ng\u1edd \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi thi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p” (Kinh Trung B\u1ed9).<\/em><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

N\u0103m tri\u1ec1n c\u00e1i n\u00e0y c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng l\u00e0m u\u1ebf nhi\u1ec5m t\u00e2m v\u00e0 l\u00e0m y\u1ebfu \u1edbt tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7, n\u00ean ph\u1ea3i tr\u1eeb kh\u1eed \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u00e1ng su\u1ed1t v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. Trong kinh T\u0103ng Chi, \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt c\u00f3 n\u00eau r\u00f5 nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1p gi\u00fap \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u1eeb n\u0103m tri\u1ec1n c\u00e1i n\u00e0y:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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“T\u01b0\u1edbng b\u1ea5t t\u1ecbnh, n\u00e0y c\u00e1c T\u1ef7-kheo, n\u1ebfu nh\u01b0 l\u00fd t\u00e1c \u00fd, th\u1eddi d\u1ee5c tham ch\u01b0a sanh kh\u00f4ng sanh kh\u1edfi v\u00e0 d\u1ee5c tham \u0111\u00e3 sanh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111o\u1ea1n t\u1eadn… T\u1eeb t\u00e2m gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t, n\u00e0y c\u00e1c T\u1ef7-kheo, n\u1ebfu nh\u01b0 l\u00fd t\u00e1c \u00fd, th\u1eddi s\u00e2n ch\u01b0a sanh kh\u00f4ng sanh kh\u1edfi, v\u00e0 s\u00e2n \u0111\u00e3 sanh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111o\u1ea1n t\u1eadn… Ng\u01b0\u1eddi tinh c\u1ea7n tinh t\u1ea5n, n\u00e0y c\u00e1c T\u1ef7-kheo, h\u00f4n tr\u1ea7m nh\u1ee5y mi\u00ean ch\u01b0a sanh kh\u00f4ng sanh kh\u1edfi, h\u00f4n tr\u1ea7m th\u1ee5y mi\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 sanh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111o\u1ea1n t\u1eadn… Ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 t\u00e2m t\u1ecbnh ch\u1ec9, n\u00e0y c\u00e1c T\u1ef7-kheo, nghi ho\u1eb7c ch\u01b0a sanh kh\u00f4ng sanh kh\u1edfi, hay nghi ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sanh \u0111o\u1ea1n t\u1eadn”.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

“N\u00e0y c\u00e1c T\u1ef7-kheo, nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1eafc n\u1ee3, li\u1ec1n l\u00e0m c\u00e1c ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p, nh\u1eefng ngh\u1ec1 n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t \u0111\u1ea1t, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng tr\u1ea3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1ee3 c\u0169, c\u00f2n c\u00f3 ti\u1ec1n d\u01b0 \u0111\u1ec3 nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng v\u1ee3. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y ngh\u0129: “Ta tr\u01b0\u1edbc kia m\u1eafc n\u1ee3 n\u00ean ta l\u00e0m c\u00e1c ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p. Nh\u1eefng ngh\u1ec1 n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t \u0111\u1ea1t, ta kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng tr\u1ea3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c n\u1ee3 c\u0169, c\u00f2n c\u00f3 ti\u1ec1n d\u01b0 \u0111\u1ec3 nu\u00f4i v\u1ee3”. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y nh\u1edd v\u1eady \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sung s\u01b0\u1edbng, hoan h\u1ef7. N\u00e0y c\u00e1c T\u1ef7-kheo, nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb b\u1ec7nh \u0111au \u0111\u1edbn tr\u1ea7m tr\u1ecdng, \u0103n u\u1ed1ng kh\u00f4ng ti\u00eau, th\u1ec3 l\u1ef1c suy y\u1ebfu. Sau m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y kh\u1ecfi b\u1ec7nh, \u0103n u\u1ed1ng ti\u00eau th\u00f4ng, th\u1ec3 l\u1ef1c kh\u00f4i ph\u1ee5c. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y ngh\u0129: “Ta tr\u01b0\u1edbc kia b\u1ecb b\u1ec7nh, \u0111au \u0111\u1edbn tr\u1ea7m tr\u1ecdng, \u0103n u\u1ed1ng kh\u00f4ng ti\u00eau, th\u1ec3 l\u1ef1c suy y\u1ebfu. Nay ta kh\u1ecfi b\u1ec7nh, \u0103n u\u1ed1ng ti\u00eau th\u00f4ng, th\u1ec3 l\u1ef1c kh\u00f4i ph\u1ee5c”. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y nh\u1edd v\u1eady \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sung s\u01b0\u1edbng hoan h\u1ef7. N\u00e0y c\u00e1c T\u1ef7-kheo, nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb nh\u1ed1t trong ng\u1ee5c, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y sau m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1ecfi t\u00f9 t\u1ed9i, an l\u1ea1c ki\u1ec7n to\u00e0n, t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb gi\u1ea3m t\u1ed5n. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y ngh\u0129: “Ta tr\u01b0\u1edbc kia b\u1ecb nh\u1ed1t trong ng\u1ee5c, nay ta \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1ecfi t\u00f9 t\u1ed9i, an l\u1ea1c ki\u1ec7n to\u00e0n, t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb gi\u1ea3m t\u1ed5n”. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y nh\u1edd v\u1eady \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sung s\u01b0\u1edbng hoan h\u1ef7. N\u00e0y c\u00e1c T\u1ef7-kheo, nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00f4 l\u1ec7, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ef1 ch\u1ee7, l\u1ec7 thu\u1ed9c ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ef1 do \u0111i l\u1ea1i. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y sau m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi c\u1ea3nh n\u00f4 l\u1ec7 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ef1 ch\u1ee7, kh\u00f4ng l\u1ec7 thu\u1ed9c ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c, m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ef1 do \u0111i l\u1ea1i. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y ngh\u0129: “Ta tr\u01b0\u1edbc kia b\u1ecb c\u1ea3nh n\u00f4 l\u1ec7, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ef1 ch\u1ee7, l\u1ec7 thu\u1ed9c ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ef1 do \u0111i l\u1ea1i. Nay ta tho\u00e1t c\u1ea3nh n\u00f4 l\u1ec7, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ef1 ch\u1ee7, kh\u00f4ng l\u1ec7 thu\u1ed9c ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c, m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ef1 do \u0111i l\u1ea1i”. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y nh\u1edd v\u1eady \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sung s\u01b0\u1edbng hoan h\u1ef7. N\u00e0y c\u00e1c T\u1ef7-kheo, nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u00e0u c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n, \u0111ang \u0111i qua b\u00e3i sa m\u1ea1c. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y sau m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u00e3 \u0111i kh\u1ecfi b\u00e3i sa m\u1ea1c \u1ea5y, \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00e0ng, y\u00ean \u1ed5n, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nguy hi\u1ec3m, t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb t\u1ed5n gi\u1ea3m. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y ngh\u0129: “Ta tr\u01b0\u1edbc kia gi\u00e0u c\u00f3, nhi\u1ec1u t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n, \u0111i qua b\u00e3i sa m\u1ea1c. Nay ta \u0111\u00e3 \u0111i qua kh\u1ecfi b\u00e3i sa m\u1ea1c \u1ea5y y\u00ean \u1ed5n, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nguy hi\u1ec3m, t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb t\u1ed5n gi\u1ea3m”. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y nh\u1edd v\u1eady \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sung s\u01b0\u1edbng hoan h\u1ef7.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u0169ng v\u1eady n\u00e0y c\u00e1c T\u1ef7 kheo, v\u1ecb T\u1ef7-kheo t\u1ef1 m\u00ecnh qu\u00e1n n\u0103m tri\u1ec1n c\u00e1i ch\u01b0a x\u1ea3 ly, nh\u01b0 m\u00f3n n\u1ee3, nh\u01b0 b\u1ecbnh ho\u1ea1n, nh\u01b0 ng\u1ee5c t\u00f9, nh\u01b0 c\u1ea3nh n\u00f4 l\u1ec7, nh\u01b0 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng qua sa m\u1ea1c. N\u00e0y c\u00e1c T\u1ef7 kheo, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng m\u1eafc n\u1ee3, nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb b\u1ec7nh t\u1eadt, nh\u01b0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1ecfi t\u00f9 t\u1ed9i, nh\u01b0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ef1 do, nh\u01b0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea5t l\u00e0nh y\u00ean \u1ed5n, n\u00e0y c\u00e1c T\u1ef7-kheo, T\u1ef7-kheo qu\u00e1n n\u0103m tri\u1ec1n c\u00e1i, khi ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c di\u1ec7t tr\u1eeb”.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u00e0nh Thi\u1ec1n, n\u0103m tri\u1ec1n c\u00e1i c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t g\u00e1nh n\u1eb7ng, nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t tr\u00f3i bu\u1ed9c v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t ch\u00fang c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 l\u00e0m v\u01a1i nh\u1eb9 nh\u1eefng g\u00e1nh n\u1eb7ng v\u00e0 l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3i t\u1ecfa nh\u1eefng tr\u00f3i bu\u1ed9c. Khi n\u0103m tri\u1ec1n c\u00e1i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u1eeb, ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u00e0nh Thi\u1ec1n m\u1edbi th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o Thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh, do m\u1ed9t ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh di\u1ec5n ti\u1ebfn nh\u01b0 sau, nh\u01b0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 trong kinh Tr\u01b0\u1eddng B\u1ed9: “Khi qu\u00e1n t\u1ef1 th\u00e2n \u0111\u00e3 x\u1ea3 ly n\u0103m tri\u1ec1n c\u00e1i, h\u00e2n hoan sanh. Do h\u00e2n hoan n\u00ean h\u1ef7 sanh; do t\u00e2m hoan h\u1ef7, th\u00e2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khinh an, do th\u00e2n khinh an l\u1ea1c th\u1ecd sanh. Do l\u1ea1c th\u1ecd, t\u00e2m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u0129nh”.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

C. Ch\u1ee9ng S\u01a1 thi\u1ec1n cho \u0111\u1ebfn \u0110\u1ec7 T\u1ee9 thi\u1ec1n<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch r\u1ea5t t\u1ec9 m\u1ec9 b\u1ed1n Thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1eafc, theo th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 tr\u01b0\u1edbc sau, c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c Thi\u1ec1n chi:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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“Sau khi \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u1eeb n\u0103m tri\u1ec1n c\u00e1i n\u00e0y, nh\u1eefng tri\u1ec1n c\u00e1i l\u00e0m \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m t\u00e2m t\u01b0, l\u00e0m y\u1ebfu \u1edbt tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7, v\u1ecb \u1ea5y ly d\u1ee5c, ly \u00e1c ph\u00e1p, ch\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 tr\u00fa Thi\u1ec1n th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t, m\u1ed9t tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i h\u1ef7 l\u1ea1c do ly d\u1ee5c sanh, v\u1edbi t\u1ea7m v\u1edbi t\u1ee9. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y th\u1ea5m nhu\u1ea7n, t\u1ea9m \u01b0\u1edbt l\u00e0m cho sung m\u00e3n, tr\u00e0n \u0111\u1ea7y th\u00e2n n\u00e0y v\u1edbi h\u1ef7 l\u1ea1c do ly d\u1ee5c sanh, kh\u00f4ng m\u1ed9t ch\u1ed7 n\u00e0o tr\u00ean to\u00e0n th\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 h\u1ef7 l\u1ea1c do ly d\u1ee5c sanh \u1ea5y th\u1ea5m nhu\u1ea7n. N\u00e0y c\u00e1c T\u1ef7-kheo, nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ea7u t\u1eafm l\u00e3o luy\u1ec7n, hay \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ea7u t\u1eafm, sau khi r\u1eafc b\u1ed9t t\u1eafm trong thau \u0111\u1ed3ng, li\u1ec1n nh\u1ed3i b\u1ed9t \u1ea5y v\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc, c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9t t\u1eafm \u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea5m nhu\u1ea7n n\u01b0\u1edbc \u01b0\u1edbt, tr\u00e0o tr\u1ed9n v\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc \u01b0\u1edbt, th\u1ea5m \u01b0\u1edbt c\u1ea3 trong l\u1eabn ngo\u00e0i v\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ea3y th\u00e0nh gi\u1ecdt. C\u0169ng v\u1eady n\u00e0y c\u00e1c T\u1ef7-kheo, th\u1ea5m nhu\u1ea7n, t\u1ea9m \u01b0\u1edbt, l\u00e0m cho sung m\u00e3n tr\u00e0n \u0111\u1ea7y th\u00e2n n\u00e0y v\u1edbi h\u1ef7 l\u1ea1c do ly d\u1ee5c sanh, kh\u00f4ng m\u1ed9t ch\u1ed7 n\u00e0o tr\u00ean to\u00e0n th\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ef7 l\u1ea1c do ly d\u1ee5c sanh \u1ea5y th\u1ea5m nhu\u1ea7n”.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

“L\u1ea1i n\u1eefa, n\u00e0y c\u00e1c T\u1ef7-kheo, T\u1ef7-kheo di\u1ec7t t\u1ea7m v\u00e0 t\u1ee9 ch\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 tr\u00fa Thi\u1ec1n th\u1ee9 hai, m\u1ed9t tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i h\u1ef7 l\u1ea1c do \u0111\u1ecbnh sanh, kh\u00f4ng t\u1ea7m kh\u00f4ng t\u1ee9, n\u1ed9i t\u0129nh nh\u1ea5t t\u00e2m. V\u1ecb \u1ea5y th\u1ea5m nhu\u1ea7n, t\u1ea9m \u01b0\u1edbt, l\u00e0m cho sung m\u00e3n tr\u00e0n \u0111\u1ea7y th\u00e2n n\u00e0y v\u1edbi h\u1ef7 l\u1ea1c do \u0111\u1ecbnh sanh, kh\u00f4ng m\u1ed9t ch\u1ed7 n\u00e0o tr\u00ean to\u00e0n th\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ef7 l\u1ea1c do \u0111\u1ecbnh sanh \u1ea5y th\u1ea5m nhu\u1ea7n. N\u00e0y c\u00e1c T\u1ef7-kheo, v\u00ed nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ed3 n\u01b0\u1edbc, n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1eeb trong d\u00e2ng l\u00ean, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 l\u1ed7 n\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u1ea3y ra, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 l\u1ed7 n\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u1ea3y ra, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng B\u1eafc kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 l\u1ed7 n\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u1ea3y ra, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng Nam kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 l\u1ed7 n\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u1ea3y ra, v\u00e0 th\u1ec9nh tho\u1ea3ng tr\u1eddi m\u01b0a l\u1edbn. Su\u1ed1i n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u00e1t t\u1eeb h\u1ed3 n\u01b0\u1edbc phun ra, th\u1ea5m nhu\u1ea7n, t\u1ea9m \u01b0\u1edbt, l\u00e0m cho sung m\u00e3n tr\u00e0n \u0111\u1ea7y h\u1ed3 n\u01b0\u1edbc \u1ea5y v\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u00e1t l\u1ea1nh, kh\u00f4ng m\u1ed9t ch\u1ed7 n\u00e0o h\u1ed3 n\u01b0\u1edbc \u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00e1t l\u1ea1nh th\u1ea5m nhu\u1ea7n. C\u0169ng v\u1eady, n\u00e0y c\u00e1c T\u1ef7 kheo, v\u1ecb \u1ea5y th\u1ea5m nhu\u1ea7n, t\u1ea9m \u01b0\u1edbt, l\u00e0m cho sung m\u00e3n tr\u00e0n \u0111\u1ea7y th\u00e2n m\u00ecnh, v\u1edbi h\u1ef7 l\u1ea1c do \u0111\u1ecbnh sanh, kh\u00f4ng m\u1ed9t ch\u1ed7 n\u00e0o tr\u00ean to\u00e0n th\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ef7 l\u1ea1c do \u0111\u1ecbnh sanh \u1ea5y th\u1ea5m nhu\u1ea7n”.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

“L\u1ea1i n\u1eefa, n\u00e0y c\u00e1c T\u1ef7-kheo, T\u1ef7-kheo ly h\u1ef7 tr\u00fa x\u1ea3, ch\u00e1nh ni\u1ec7m t\u0129nh gi\u00e1c, th\u00e2n c\u1ea3m s\u1ef1 l\u1ea1c th\u1ecd m\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u1eadc Th\u00e1nh g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 x\u1ea3 ni\u1ec7m l\u1ea1c tr\u00fa, ch\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 tr\u00fa Thi\u1ec1n th\u1ee9 ba. V\u1ecb \u1ea5y th\u1ea5m nhu\u1ea7n, t\u1ea9m \u01b0\u1edbt, l\u00e0m cho sung m\u00e3n tr\u00e0n \u0111\u1ea7y th\u00e2n n\u00e0y v\u1edbi l\u1ea1c th\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 h\u1ef7 \u1ea5y, kh\u00f4ng m\u1ed9t ch\u1ed7 n\u00e0o tr\u00ean to\u00e0n th\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1c th\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 h\u1ef7 \u1ea5y th\u1ea5m nhu\u1ea7n. N\u00e0y c\u00e1c T\u1ef7-kheo, v\u00ed nh\u01b0 trong h\u1ed3 sen xanh, h\u1ed3 sen h\u1ed3ng, h\u1ed3 sen tr\u1eafng, c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng sen xanh, sen h\u1ed3ng, hay sen tr\u1eafng. Nh\u1eefng b\u00f4ng sen \u1ea5y sanh trong n\u01b0\u1edbc, l\u1edbn l\u00ean trong n\u01b0\u1edbc, kh\u00f4ng v\u01b0\u1ee3t kh\u1ecfi n\u01b0\u1edbc, nu\u00f4i s\u1ed1ng d\u01b0\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc, t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u ng\u1ecdn cho \u0111\u1ebfn g\u1ed1c r\u1ec5 \u0111\u1ec1u th\u1ea5m nhu\u1ea7n, t\u1ea9m \u01b0\u1edbt, tr\u00e0n \u0111\u1ea7y th\u1ea5u su\u1ed1t b\u1edfi n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u00e1t l\u1ea1nh \u1ea5y, kh\u00f4ng m\u1ed9t ch\u1ed7 n\u00e0o c\u1ee7a to\u00e0n th\u1ec3 sen xanh, sen h\u1ed3ng hay sen tr\u1eafng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u00e1t l\u1ea1nh \u1ea5y th\u1ea5m nhu\u1ea7n. C\u0169ng c\u1eady n\u00e0y c\u00e1c T\u1ef7-kheo, T\u1ef7-kheo th\u1ea5m nhu\u1ea7n, t\u1ea9m \u01b0\u1edbt, l\u00e0m cho sung m\u00e3n tr\u00e0n \u0111\u1ea7y th\u00e2n n\u00e0y v\u1edbi l\u1ea1c th\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 h\u1ef7 \u1ea5y, kh\u00f4ng m\u1ed9t ch\u1ed7 n\u00e0o tr\u00ean to\u00e0n th\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1c th\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 h\u1ef7 \u1ea5y th\u1ea7m nhu\u1ea7n”.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

“L\u1ea1i n\u1eefa, n\u00e0y c\u00e1c T\u1ef7-kheo, T\u1ef7-kheo x\u1ea3 l\u1ea1c, x\u1ea3 kh\u1ed5, di\u1ec7t h\u1ef7 \u01b0u \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ea3m th\u1ecd tr\u01b0\u1edbc, ch\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 tr\u00fa Thi\u1ec1n th\u1ee9 t\u01b0, kh\u00f4ng kh\u1ed5 kh\u00f4ng l\u1ea1c, x\u1ea3 ni\u1ec7m thanh t\u1ecbnh. V\u1ecb \u1ea5y th\u1ea5m nhu\u1ea7n to\u00e0n th\u00e2n m\u00ecnh v\u1edbi t\u00e2m thu\u1ea7n t\u1ecbnh trong s\u00e1ng kh\u00f4ng m\u1ed9t ch\u1ed7 n\u00e0o tr\u00ean to\u00e0n th\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e2m thu\u1ea7n t\u1ecbnh trong s\u00e1ng \u1ea5y th\u1ea5m nhu\u1ea7n. N\u00e0y c\u00e1c T\u1ef7-kheo, v\u00ed nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi ng\u1ed3i, d\u00f9ng t\u1ea5m v\u1ea3i tr\u1eafng tr\u00f9m \u0111\u1ea7u, kh\u00f4ng m\u1ed9t ch\u1ed7 n\u00e0o tr\u00ean to\u00e0n th\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ea3i tr\u1eafng che th\u1ea5u. C\u0169ng v\u1eady, n\u00e0y c\u00e1c T\u1ef7-kheo, v\u1ecb \u1ea5y ng\u1ed3i, th\u1ea5m nhu\u1ea7n to\u00e0n th\u00e2n m\u00ecnh v\u1edbi th\u00e2n thu\u1ea7n t\u1ecbnh trong s\u00e1ng, kh\u00f4ng m\u1ed9t ch\u1ed7 n\u00e0o tr\u00ean to\u00e0n th\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thu\u1ea7n t\u1ecbnh trong s\u00e1ng \u1ea5y thu\u1ea5m nhu\u1ea7n”.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

V\u1edbi nh\u1eefng \u0111o\u1ea1n kinh tr\u00ean, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Thi\u1ec1n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u1eadp trung t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, nh\u1edd s\u1ee9c t\u1eadp trung \u1ea5y n\u00ean c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i n\u0103m tri\u1ec1n c\u00e1i D\u1ee5c Tham, S\u00e2n, H\u00f4n tr\u1ea7m th\u1ee5y mi\u00ean, Tr\u1ea1o h\u1ed1i, v\u00e0 Nghi, b\u1eb1ng n\u0103m Thi\u1ec1n chi, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 T\u1ea7m, T\u1ee9, H\u1ef7, L\u1ea1c v\u00e0 Nh\u1ea5t t\u00e2m. T\u1ea7m thay th\u1ebf cho H\u00f4n tr\u1ea7m th\u1ee5y mi\u00ean, T\u1ee9 thay th\u1ebf cho Nghi, H\u1ef7 thay th\u1ebf cho S\u00e2n, L\u1ea1c thay th\u1ebf cho Tr\u1ea1o h\u1ed1i, v\u00e0 Nh\u1ea5t t\u00e2m thay th\u1ebf cho D\u1ee5c tham.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u1ea7m ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng. T\u1ee9 l\u00e0 g\u1eafn t\u00e2m tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng. T\u00e2m kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n ch\u1ea1y theo \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00e1c, nh\u1edd v\u1eady \u0111\u1ed1i tr\u1ecb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00f4n tr\u1ea7m th\u1ee5y mi\u00ean v\u00e0 nh\u1edd t\u00e2m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1eafn ch\u1eb7t tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, n\u00ean nghi ng\u1edd ph\u00e2n v\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n n\u1eefa. Ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00e0 hai Thi\u1ec1n chi H\u1ef7 v\u00e0 L\u1ea1c, H\u1ef7 l\u00e0 t\u00e2m tho\u1ea3i m\u00e1i, v\u00e0 L\u1ea1c l\u00e0 th\u00e2n tho\u1ea3i m\u00e1i. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady tu Thi\u1ec1n \u0111em l\u1ea1i t\u00e2m tho\u1ea3i m\u00e1i, th\u00e2n tho\u1ea3i m\u00e1i cho h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3. H\u1ef7 l\u1ea1c n\u00e0y do ly d\u1ee5c sanh th\u1ea5m nhu\u1ea7n c\u00f9ng kh\u1eafp th\u00e2n c\u1ee7a h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3, kh\u00f4ng m\u1ed9t ch\u1ed7 n\u00e0o kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea7m nhu\u1ea7n. Nh\u01b0 b\u1ecdt t\u1eafm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1ed3i v\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ea5m nhu\u1ea7n n\u01b0\u1edbc \u01b0\u1edbt. Nh\u01b0 su\u1ed1i n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u00e1t th\u1ea5m nhu\u1ea7n t\u1ea9m \u01b0\u1edbt l\u00e0m cho sung m\u00e3n tr\u00e0n \u0111\u1ea7y h\u1ed3 n\u01b0\u1edbc. Nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i b\u00f4ng sen sanh ra trong n\u01b0\u1edbc, l\u1edbn l\u00ean trong n\u01b0\u1edbc, kh\u00f4ng v\u01b0\u1ee3t kh\u1ecfi n\u01b0\u1edbc, t\u1eeb r\u1ec5 \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u1ecdn \u0111\u1ec1u th\u1ea7m nhu\u1ea7n n\u01b0\u1edbc \u01b0\u1edbt. Nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi ng\u1ed3i d\u00f9ng t\u1ea5m v\u1ea3i tr\u1eafng tr\u00f9m \u0111\u1ea7u, kh\u00f4ng m\u1ed9t ch\u1ed7 n\u00e0o tr\u00ean to\u00e0n th\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ea3i tr\u1eafng \u1ea5y che th\u1ea5u. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u00e0nh Thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c h\u1ef7 l\u1ea1c th\u1ea5m nhu\u1ea7n to\u00e0n th\u00e2n, v\u00e0 l\u00fd do n\u00e0y, Thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i l\u1ea1c tr\u00fa (Ditthadhammasukhavih\u00e0ri). \u0110i\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m cho m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea5t ng\u1edd l\u00e0 Thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00e2m tho\u1ea3i m\u00e1i, kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi quan ni\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1eddi xem Thi\u1ec1n l\u00e0 c\u00e1i g\u00ec kh\u1eafc kh\u1ed5, d\u1ecb th\u01b0\u1eddng, b\u00ed m\u1eadt v\u00e0 tr\u1ed1n \u0111\u1eddi. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady hai Thi\u1ec1n chi H\u1ef7 L\u1ea1c s\u1ebd th\u1ea5m nhu\u1ea7n ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u00e0nh Thi\u1ec1n nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 tr\u1ee3 duy\u00ean t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p cho h\u00e0nh Thi\u1ec1n, v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh H\u1ef7 v\u00e0 L\u1ea1c gi\u00fap \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn Thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u01b0 ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y theo ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh sau \u0111\u00e2y:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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“Do h\u00e2n hoan n\u00ean h\u1ef7 sanh. Do h\u1ef7 sanh n\u00ean th\u00e2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khinh an. Do th\u00e2n khinh an n\u00ean l\u1ea1c th\u1ecd sanh. Do l\u1ea1c th\u1ecd n\u00ean \u0111\u1ecbnh sanh” (Kinh Tr\u01b0\u1eddng B\u1ed9)<\/em>.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady \u0111\u1ecbnh sanh nh\u1edd l\u1ea1c th\u1ecd. L\u1ea1c th\u1ecd sanh nh\u1edd th\u00e2n khinh an, th\u00e2n khinh an l\u00e0 nh\u1edd t\u00e2m hoan h\u1ef7, v\u00e0 t\u00e2m hoan h\u1ef7 l\u00e0 nh\u1edd t\u00e2m h\u00e2n hoan. H\u00e2n hoan, h\u1ef7 th\u1ecd, l\u1ea1c th\u1ecd \u0111\u00f3ng m\u1ed9t vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng ph\u00e1t kh\u1edfi Thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh, n\u00f3i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i h\u1ef7 l\u1ea1c l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i h\u1ef7 l\u1ea1c \u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn Thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh. Do v\u1eady, th\u1eadt l\u00e0 k\u1ef3 l\u1ea1 khi nghe n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p tu Thi\u1ec1n b\u1ecb \u0111i\u00ean lo\u1ea1n, b\u1ecb b\u1ea1i ch\u00e2n b\u1ea1i tay, b\u1ecb n\u1ed5 con m\u1eaft, v.v…. V\u00ec l\u00e0m sao m\u00e0 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i h\u1ef7 l\u1ea1c l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 tai h\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 v\u1eady? \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 c\u00f3!<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u1ed9t nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t n\u1eefa c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i l\u00e0 \u1edf S\u01a1 Thi\u1ec1n, n\u0103m Thi\u1ec1n chi – t\u1ea7m, t\u1ee9, h\u1ef7, l\u1ea1c v\u00e0 nh\u1ea5t t\u00e2m – \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7. L\u00ean Thi\u1ec1n th\u1ee9 hai, t\u1ea7m t\u1ee9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ecf r\u01a1i. L\u00ean Thi\u1ec1n th\u1ee9 ba, h\u1ef7 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ecf r\u01a1i. L\u00ean Thi\u1ec1n th\u1ee9 t\u01b0, l\u1ea1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1ea3 thay th\u1ebf v\u00e0 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady Thi\u1ec1n th\u1ee9 t\u01b0 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n x\u1ea3 v\u00e0 nh\u1ea5t t\u00e2m. S\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n n\u00e0y n\u00f3i l\u00ean tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i thanh l\u1ecdc d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n c\u00e1c Thi\u1ec1n chi c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng l\u00e0m cho t\u00e2m t\u01b0 giao \u0111\u1ed9ng. \u1ede S\u01a1 Thi\u1ec1n, ph\u1ea3i d\u00f9ng t\u1ea7m \u0111\u1ec3 h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, ph\u1ea3i d\u00f9ng t\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ec3 d\u00e1n ch\u1eb7t v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, do v\u1eady t\u00e2m ph\u1ea3i sinh ho\u1ea1t m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd m\u1edbi kh\u1ecfi r\u01a1i v\u00e0o hai tri\u1ec1n c\u00e1i h\u00f4n tr\u1ea7m th\u1ee5y mi\u00ean v\u00e0 nghi. V\u00ec ph\u1ea3i ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd, n\u00ean t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean c\u00f3 giao \u0111\u1ed9ng. V\u00ec v\u1eady l\u00ean Thi\u1ec1n th\u1ee9 hai. T\u1ea7m t\u1ee9 b\u1ecb b\u1ecf r\u01a1i v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n h\u1ef7 l\u1ea1c v\u00e0 nh\u1ea5t t\u00e2m. Nh\u01b0ng h\u1ef7 c\u1ee7a Thi\u1ec1n th\u1ee9 hai c\u0169ng l\u00e0m chi Thi\u1ec1n th\u1ee9 hai giao \u0111\u1ed9ng, cho n\u00ean l\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn Thi\u1ec1n th\u1ee9 ba, th\u1eddi h\u1ef7 b\u1ecb b\u1ecf r\u01a1i, v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i x\u1ea3 ni\u1ec7m l\u1ea1c tr\u00fa. R\u1ed3i l\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn Thi\u1ec1n th\u1ee9 t\u01b0, l\u1ea1c c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 l\u00e0m Thi\u1ec1n th\u1ee9 t\u01b0 giao \u0111\u1ed9ng, do v\u1eady l\u1ea1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1ea3 thay th\u1ebf, c\u00f2n x\u1ea3 v\u00e0 nh\u1ea5t t\u00e2m, v\u00e0 Thi\u1ec1n th\u1ee9 t\u01b0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 x\u1ea3 ni\u1ec7m thanh t\u1ecbnh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110o\u1ea1n kinh sau \u0111\u00e2y (Trung B\u1ed9 Kinh<\/em>) n\u00f3i l\u00ean r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng ba Thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea7u c\u00f2n giao \u0111\u1ed9ng, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 Thi\u1ec1n th\u1ee9 t\u01b0 m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9ng:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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“\u1ede \u0111\u00e2y n\u00e0y Ud\u00e0yi, T\u1ef7-kheo ly d\u1ee5c, ly b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p, ch\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 tr\u00fa Thi\u1ec1n th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t, m\u1ed9t tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i h\u1ef7 l\u1ea1c do ly d\u1ee5c sanh, c\u00f3 t\u1ea7m c\u00f3 t\u1ee9. Thi\u1ec1n n\u00e0y, n\u00e0y Ud\u00e0yi, Ta n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng \u1edf trong t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng giao \u0111\u1ed9ng. \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y ch\u00ednh t\u1ea7m t\u1ee9 ch\u01b0a \u0111o\u1ea1n di\u1ec7t, ch\u00ednh t\u1ea7m t\u1ee9 n\u00e0y \u1edf trong t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng giao \u0111\u1ed9ng. \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y n\u00e0y Ud\u00e0yi, T\u1ef7 kheo di\u1ec7t t\u1ea7m v\u00e0 t\u1ee9, ch\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 tr\u00fa Thi\u1ec1n th\u1ee9 hai, m\u1ed9t tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i h\u1ef7 l\u1ea1c do \u0111\u1ecbnh sanh kh\u00f4ng t\u1ea7m kh\u00f4ng t\u1ee9, n\u1ed9i t\u0129nh nh\u1ea5t t\u00e2m. Thi\u1ec1n n\u00e0y, n\u00e0y Ud\u00e0yi, Ta n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng \u1edf trong t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng giao \u0111\u1ed9ng. V\u00e0 \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y c\u00e1i g\u00ec giao \u0111\u1ed9ng? \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 h\u1ef7 l\u1ea1c ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111o\u1ea1n di\u1ec7t, ch\u00ednh h\u1ef7 l\u1ea1c n\u00e0y \u1edf trong t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng giao \u0111\u1ed9ng. \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y n\u00e0y Ud\u00e0yi, T\u1ef7 kheo ly h\u1ef7 x\u1ea3 tr\u00fa, ch\u00e1nh ni\u1ec7m t\u1ec9nh gi\u00e1c, th\u00e2n c\u1ea3m s\u1ef1 l\u1ea1c th\u1ecd m\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u1eadc Th\u00e1nh g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 x\u1ea3 ni\u1ec7m l\u1ea1c tr\u00fa, ch\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 tr\u00fa Thi\u1ec1n th\u1ee9 ba. Thi\u1ec1n n\u00e0y, n\u00e0y Ud\u00e0yi, Ta n\u00f3i \u1edf trong t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng giao \u0111\u1ed9ng. V\u00e0 \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y, c\u00e1i g\u00ec giao \u0111\u1ed9ng? \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 x\u1ea3 l\u1ea1c ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111o\u1ea1n di\u1ec7t. Ch\u00ednh x\u1ea3 l\u1ea1c n\u00e0y \u1edf trong t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng giao \u0111\u1ed9ng. \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y n\u00e0y Ud\u00e0yi, T\u1ef7 kheo x\u1ea3 l\u1ea1c x\u1ea3 kh\u1ed5, di\u1ec7t h\u1ef7 \u01b0u \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ea3m th\u1ecd tr\u01b0\u1edbc, ch\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 tr\u00fa Thi\u1ec1n th\u1ee9 t\u01b0, kh\u00f4ng kh\u1ed5 kh\u00f4ng l\u1ea1c x\u1ea3 ni\u1ec7m thanh t\u1ecbnh. Thi\u1ec1n, n\u00e0y Ud\u00e0yi, Ta n\u00f3i l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u1edf trong t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng giao \u0111\u1ed9ng”.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

\u0110o\u1ea1n kinh tr\u00ean n\u00f3i l\u00ean s\u1ef1 thanh l\u1ecdc c\u00e1c Thi\u1ec1n chi, t\u1eeb Thi\u1ec1n th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ebft Thi\u1ec1n th\u1ee9 t\u01b0.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00e0 c\u00e2y gai, v\u00e0 \u1edf trong Thi\u1ec1n, ti\u1ebfng \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 c\u00e2y gai cho Thi\u1ec1n, nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 nh\u01b0 sau (T\u0103ng Chi B\u1ed9 Kinh<\/em>):<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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“V\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ee9ng S\u01a1 Thi\u1ec1n, ti\u1ebfng \u1ed3n l\u00e0 c\u00e2y gai. V\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ee9ng Thi\u1ec1n th\u1ee9 hai, t\u1ea7m t\u1ee9 l\u00e0 c\u00e2y gai. V\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ee9ng Thi\u1ec1n th\u1ee9 ba, h\u1ef7 l\u00e0 c\u00e2y gai. V\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ee9ng Thi\u1ec1n th\u1ee9 t\u01b0, h\u01a1i th\u1edf v\u00f4 h\u01a1i th\u1edf ra l\u00e0 c\u00e2y gai. S\u1edf d\u0129 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 c\u00e2y gai, v\u00ec nh\u1eefng Thi\u1ec1n chi n\u00e0y l\u00e0m tr\u1edf ng\u1ea1i cho s\u1ef1 nh\u1ea5t t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u00e0nh Thi\u1ec1n v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Thi\u1ec1n ch\u1ee9ng mong mu\u1ed1n”.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, Thi\u1ec1n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t n\u1ebfp s\u1ed1ng l\u00e0nh m\u1ea1nh trong s\u00e1ng, m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c h\u01b0\u1edbng th\u01b0\u1ee3ng gi\u00fap \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u1eeb n\u0103m tri\u1ec1n c\u00e1i: d\u1ee5c tham, s\u00e2n, h\u00f4n tr\u1ea7m th\u1ee5y mi\u00ean, tr\u1ea1o h\u1ed1i v\u00e0 nghi, thay th\u1ebf b\u1eb1ng n\u0103m Thi\u1ec1n chi t\u1ea7m, t\u1ee9 h\u1ef7 l\u1ea1c v\u00e0 nh\u1ea5t t\u00e2m, nh\u1eefng t\u00e2m t\u0103ng th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111em l\u1ea1i l\u1ea1c tr\u00fa v\u00e0 v\u00ec v\u1eady b\u1ed1n Thi\u1ec1n n\u00e0y c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 T\u0103ng th\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e2m hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i l\u1ea1c tr\u00fa<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nay ch\u00fang ta b\u01b0\u1edbc qua m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 h\u00e0nh Thi\u1ec1n \u0111em l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng l\u1ee3i \u00edch g\u00ec, hay n\u00f3i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, Thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng n\u0103ng g\u00ec theo l\u1eddi \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt d\u1ea1y. \u1ede n\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2y, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ed1n l\u1ee3i \u00edch hay b\u1ed1n c\u00f4ng n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a Thi\u1ec1n:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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— M\u1ed9t l\u00e0 Thi\u1ec1n c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u1eeb c\u00e1c d\u1ee5c, khi\u1ebfn cho \u00e1c ma kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i l\u1ed1i v\u1ec1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

— Th\u1ee9 hai l\u00e0 Thi\u1ec1n c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed1i tr\u1ecb s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

— Th\u1ee9 ba l\u00e0 Thi\u1ec1n \u0111em l\u1ea1i Thi\u1ec1n l\u1ea1c cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

— V\u00e0 th\u1ee9 t\u01b0 l\u00e0 Thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7, \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t, \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

M\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a Thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0 gi\u00fap tho\u00e1t ly \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 chi ph\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a n\u0103m d\u1ee5c tr\u01b0\u1edfng d\u01b0\u1ee1ng, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 nh\u1edd Thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u00e0nh Thi\u1ec1n \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u1eeb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00f2ng d\u1ee5c m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3. \u0110o\u1ea1n kinh sau \u0111\u00e2y (Kinh Trung B\u1ed9<\/em>) n\u00eau r\u00f5 c\u00f4ng n\u0103ng \u0111o\u1ea1n d\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a Thi\u1ec1n:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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“N\u00e0y c\u00e1c T\u1ef7-kheo, nh\u1eefng Sa-m\u00f4n hay B\u00e0-la-m\u00f4n n\u00e0o b\u1ecb tr\u00f3i bu\u1ed9c, b\u1ecb tham \u0111\u1eafm, b\u1ecb m\u00ea say b\u1edfi n\u0103m d\u1ee5c tr\u01b0\u1edfng d\u01b0\u1ee1ng n\u00e0y, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 nguy h\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang, nh\u1eefng v\u1ecb \u1ea5y c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u l\u00e0: “C\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 r\u01a1i v\u00e0o b\u1ea5t h\u1ea1nh, \u0111\u00e3 r\u01a1i v\u00e0o tai h\u1ecda, \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb \u00e1c ma s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng theo n\u00f3 mu\u1ed1n”. N\u00e0y c\u00e1c T\u1ef7-kheo, nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t con nai s\u1ed1ng trong r\u1eebng b\u1ecb s\u1eadp b\u1eaby n\u1eb1m xu\u1ed1ng, con nai \u1ea5y c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u l\u00e0: “N\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 r\u01a1i v\u00e0o b\u1ea5t h\u1ea1nh, \u0111\u00e3 r\u01a1i v\u00e0o tai h\u1ecda, \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb th\u1ee3 s\u0103n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nh\u01b0 n\u00f3 mu\u1ed1n, khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ee3 s\u0103n \u0111\u1ebfn, con nai kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 b\u1ecf \u0111i nh\u01b0 n\u00f3 mu\u1ed1n”. N\u00e0y c\u00e1c T\u1ef7-kheo, nh\u1eefng Sa-m\u00f4n hay B\u00e0- n\u00e0o kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb tr\u00f3i bu\u1ed9c, kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb tham \u0111\u1eafm, kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb say m\u00ea b\u1edfi n\u0103m d\u1ee5c tr\u01b0\u1edfng d\u01b0\u1ee1ng n\u00e0y, th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 nguy h\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang, bi\u1ebft r\u00f5 s\u1ef1 xu\u1ea5t ly kh\u1ecfi ch\u00fang v\u00e0 th\u1ecd d\u1ee5ng ch\u00fang, nh\u1eefng v\u1ecb \u1ea5y c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u l\u00e0: “C\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng r\u01a1i v\u00e0o b\u1ea5t h\u1ea1nh, kh\u00f4ng r\u01a1i v\u00e0o tai h\u1ecda, kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb \u00e1c ma s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nh\u01b0 n\u00f3 mu\u1ed1n”.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

“N\u00e0y c\u00e1c T\u1ef7-kheo, nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t con nai s\u1ed1ng trong r\u1eebng, kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb s\u1eadp b\u1eaby ph\u1ea3i n\u1eb1m xu\u1ed1ng, con nai \u1ea5y c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u l\u00e0: “N\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng r\u01a1i v\u00e0o b\u1ea5t h\u1ea1nh, n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng r\u01a1i v\u00e0o tai h\u1ecda, n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ee3 s\u0103n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nh\u01b0 n\u00f3 mu\u1ed1n, khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ee3 s\u0103n \u0111\u1ebfn, con nai c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecf \u0111i nh\u01b0 n\u00f3 mu\u1ed1n”.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

“Ch\u01b0 T\u1ef7-kheo, v\u00ec nh\u01b0 con nai s\u1ed1ng trong r\u1eebng \u0111i qua \u0111i l\u1ea1i trong r\u1eebng, an t\u00e2m n\u00f3 \u0111i, an t\u00e2m n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee9ng, an t\u00e2m n\u00f3 ng\u1ed3i, an t\u00e2m n\u00f3 n\u1eb1m. T\u1ea1i sao v\u1eady? N\u00e0y c\u00e1c T\u1ef7-kheo, v\u00ec n\u00f3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t kh\u1ecfi t\u1ea7m tay c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ee3 s\u0103n.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

“C\u0169ng v\u1eady, n\u00e0y c\u00e1c T\u1ef7-kheo, m\u1ed9t T\u1ef7-kheo ly d\u1ee5c, ly \u00e1c ph\u00e1p, ch\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 tr\u00fa Thi\u1ec1n th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t, m\u1ed9t tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i h\u1ef7 l\u1ea1c do ly d\u1ee5c sanh, c\u00f3 t\u1ea7m c\u00f3 t\u1ee9. N\u00e0y c\u00e1c T\u1ef7-kheo, T\u1ef7 kheo \u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0: “M\u1ed9t v\u1ecb \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m \u00c1c ma m\u00f9 m\u1eaft, \u0111\u00e3 di\u1ec7t tr\u1eeb m\u1ecdi v\u1ebft t\u00edch, \u0111\u00e3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t kh\u1ecfi t\u1ea7m m\u1eaft \u00c1c ma”. N\u00e0y c\u00e1c T\u1ef7-kheo, l\u1ea1i n\u1eefa, T\u1ef7-kheo di\u1ec7t t\u1ea7m v\u00e0 t\u1ee9, ch\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 tr\u00fa Thi\u1ec1n th\u1ee9 hai, m\u1ed9t tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i h\u1ef7 l\u1ea1c do \u0111\u1ecbnh sanh, kh\u00f4ng t\u1ea7m kh\u00f4ng t\u1ee9, n\u1ed9i t\u0129nh nh\u1ea5t t\u00e2m. N\u00e0y c\u00e1c T\u1ef7-kheo, T\u1ef7-kheo \u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0…. \u0111\u00e3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t kh\u1ecfi t\u1ea7m m\u1eaft c\u1ee7a \u00c1c ma. N\u00e0y c\u00e1c T\u1ef7-kheo, l\u1ea1i n\u1eefa, T\u1ef7-kheo ly h\u1ef7 tr\u00fa x\u1ea3 ch\u00e1nh ni\u1ec7m t\u0129nh gi\u00e1c, th\u00e2n c\u1ea3m s\u1ef1 l\u1ea1c th\u1ecd m\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u1eadc Th\u00e1nh g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 x\u1ea3 ni\u1ec7m l\u1ea1c tr\u00fa, ch\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 tr\u00fa Thi\u1ec1n th\u1ee9 ba. N\u00e0y c\u00e1c T\u1ef7-kheo, T\u1ef7-kheo \u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0… \u0111\u00e3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t kh\u1ecfi t\u1ea7m m\u1eaft c\u1ee7a \u00c1c ma. N\u00e0y c\u00e1c T\u1ef7-kheo, l\u1ea1i n\u1eefa, T\u1ef7-kheo x\u1ea3 kh\u1ed5, x\u1ea3 l\u1ea1c, di\u1ec7t h\u1ef7 h\u01b0u \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ea3m th\u1ecd tr\u01b0\u1edbc, ch\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 tr\u00fa Thi\u1ec1n th\u1ee9 ba, kh\u00f4ng kh\u1ed5 kh\u00f4ng l\u1ea1c, x\u1ea3 ni\u1ec7m thanh t\u1ecbnh. N\u00e0y c\u00e1c T\u1ef7-kheo, T\u1ef7-kheo \u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m \u00c1c ma m\u00f9 m\u1eaft, \u0111\u00e3 di\u1ec7t tr\u1eeb m\u1ecdi v\u1ebft t\u00edch, \u0111\u00e3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t kh\u1ecfi t\u1ea7m m\u1eaft \u00c1c ma”.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

Trong kinh Ti\u1ec3u Kh\u1ed5 U\u1ea9n, \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt n\u00f3i l\u00ean kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh khi ch\u01b0a th\u00e0nh Ph\u1eadt, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi n\u0103m d\u1ee5c tr\u01b0\u1edfng d\u01b0\u1ee1ng, n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 Thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u1eeb ch\u00fang. \u0110o\u1ea1n kinh vi\u1ebft nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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“N\u00e0y Mah\u00e0n\u00e0ma, thu\u1edf x\u01b0a khi Ta c\u00f2n l\u00e0 B\u1ed3-t\u00e1t, ch\u01b0a ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c B\u1ed3-\u0111\u1ec1, ch\u01b0a th\u00e0nh Ch\u00e1nh \u0111\u1eb3ng Ch\u00e1nh gi\u00e1c, ta kh\u00e9o th\u1ea5y v\u1edbi nh\u01b0 th\u1eadt ch\u00e1nh ki\u1ebfn: “C\u00e1c d\u1ee5c v\u1ecb \u00edt, kh\u1ed5 nhi\u1ec1u, n\u00e3o nhi\u1ec1u. S\u1ef1 nguy h\u1ea1i \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y l\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n”. D\u1ea7u ta kh\u00e9o th\u1ea5y v\u1edbi nh\u01b0 th\u1eadt ch\u00e1nh ki\u1ebfn nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, nh\u01b0ng Ta ch\u01b0a ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ef7 l\u1ea1c do ly d\u1ee5c, ly b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p sanh hay m\u1ed9t ph\u00e1p n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c cao th\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u01a1n. V\u00e0 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, Ta bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng Ta ch\u01b0a kh\u1ecfi b\u1ecb c\u00e1c d\u1ee5c chi ph\u1ed1i. V\u00e0 n\u00e0y, Mah\u00e0n\u00e0ma, khi n\u00e0o Ta kh\u00e9o th\u1ea5y v\u1edbi nh\u01b0 th\u1eadt ch\u00e1nh ki\u1ebfn, c\u00e1c d\u1ee5c vui \u00edt kh\u1ed5 nhi\u1ec1u, n\u00e3o nhi\u1ec1u. S\u1ef1 nguy hi\u1ec3m \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y l\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n v\u00e0 Ta ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ef7 l\u1ea1c do ly d\u1ee5c ly b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p sanh hay m\u1ed9t ph\u00e1p n\u00e0o cao th\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u01a1n, nh\u01b0 v\u1eady ta kh\u1ecfi b\u1ecb c\u00e1c d\u1ee5c chi ph\u1ed1i”.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

Trong Kinh B\u1eaby M\u1ed3i (Kinh Trung B\u1ed9<\/em>), \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt d\u00f9ng v\u00ed d\u1ee5 b\u1ed1n \u0111\u00e0n nai \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00f3i l\u00ean c\u00f4ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a Thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed1i tr\u1ecb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c d\u1ee5c tr\u01b0\u1edfng d\u01b0\u1ee1ng, l\u00e0m cho \u00c1c ma m\u00f9 m\u1eaft kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i l\u1ed1i v\u1ec1. \u0110o\u00e0n nai \u0111\u1ea7u, th\u1ea5y c\u00e1c b\u1eaby m\u1ed3i do c\u00e1c th\u1ee3 s\u0103n gieo v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7t li\u1ec1n x\u00e2m nh\u1eadp, \u0103n c\u00e1c b\u1eaby m\u1ed3i \u1ea5y, tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh tham \u0111\u1eafm v\u00e0 r\u01a1i v\u00e0o trong tay c\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ee3 s\u0103n. \u0110o\u00e0n nai th\u1ee9 hai, th\u1ea5y kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a \u0111o\u00e0n nai \u0111\u1ea7u, li\u1ec1n s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i b\u1ecf ch\u1ea1y v\u00e0o r\u1eebng, kh\u00f4ng d\u00e1m \u0111\u1ebfn g\u1ea7n c\u00e1c b\u1eaby m\u1ed3i. Nh\u01b0ng m\u00f9a h\u1ea1 \u0111\u1ebfn thi\u1ebfu n\u01b0\u1edbc, thi\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ed3 \u0103n, \u0111o\u00e0n nai th\u1ee9 hai ph\u1ea3i tr\u1edf ra, x\u00e2m nh\u1eadp v\u00e0 \u0103n c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3 b\u1eaby m\u1ed3i c\u1ee7a th\u1ee3 s\u0103n v\u00e0 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng b\u1ecb l\u00e2m n\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 \u0111o\u00e0n nai \u0111\u1ea7u. \u0110o\u00e0n nai th\u1ee9 ba tinh kh\u00f4n h\u01a1n, th\u1ea5y hai \u0111o\u00e0n nai \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1ecb n\u1ea1n, li\u1ec1n t\u00ecm m\u1ed9t ch\u1ed7 \u1ea9n n\u00fap g\u1ea7n c\u00e1c b\u1eaby m\u1ed3i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ee3 s\u0103n, \u0103n c\u00e1c b\u1eaby m\u1ed3i nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng x\u00e2m nh\u1eadp, kh\u00f4ng tham \u0111\u1eafm n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng r\u01a1i v\u00e0o tay c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ee3 s\u0103n. Nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1c th\u1ee3 s\u0103n l\u1ea1i tinh kh\u00f4n h\u01a1n. Ch\u00fang d\u00f2 la t\u00f4ng t\u00edch c\u1ee7a \u0111o\u00e0n nai \u1ea5y, v\u00e0 t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ed7 \u1ea9n n\u1ea5p c\u1ee7a \u0111o\u00e0n nai th\u1ee9 ba, v\u00e0 \u0111o\u00e0n nai n\u00e0y cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u0169ng r\u01a1i v\u00e0o trong tay c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ee3 s\u0103n. \u0110o\u00e0n nai th\u1ee9 t\u01b0 r\u1ea5t tinh kh\u00f4n, r\u00fat \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a ba \u0111o\u00e0n nai tr\u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ecm m\u1ed9t ch\u1ed7 \u1ea9n n\u1ea5p kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t d\u1ea5u v\u1ebft g\u00ec khi\u1ebfn c\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ee3 s\u0103n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft ch\u1ed7 \u1ea9n n\u1ea5p c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, v\u00e0 t\u1eeb n\u01a1i ch\u1ed7 \u1ea5y \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c b\u1eaby m\u1ed3i nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng x\u00e2m nh\u1eadp, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 say \u0111\u1eafm, n\u00ean cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng tho\u00e1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea1m b\u1eaby c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ee3 s\u0103n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ee3 s\u0103n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u01b0ng cho \u00c1c ma. C\u00e1c b\u1eaby m\u1ed3i ch\u1ec9 cho n\u0103m d\u1ee5c tr\u01b0\u1edfng d\u01b0\u1ee1ng. C\u00e1c \u0111o\u00e0n nai ch\u1ec9 cho c\u00e1c Sa-m\u00f4n, B\u00e0-la-m\u00f4n tu h\u00e0nh. \u0110o\u00e0n nai th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t ch\u1ec9 cho c\u00e1c Sa-m\u00f4n, B\u00e0-la-m\u00f4n x\u00e2m nh\u1eadp, \u0111\u1eafm say n\u0103m d\u1ee5c tr\u01b0\u1edfng d\u01b0\u1ee1ng n\u00ean tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh n\u1ea1n nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a \u00c1c ma. \u0110o\u00e0n nai th\u1ee9 hai di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng Sa-m\u00f4n, B\u00e0-la-m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a \u0111o\u00e0n nai th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t, ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n t\u1eeb b\u1ecf c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3 m\u1ed3i v\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u1eadt d\u1ee5ng th\u1ebf gian, s\u1ed1ng kham nh\u1eabn trong r\u1eebng s\u00e2u. Nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ebfn m\u00f9a h\u1ea1, c\u1ecf n\u01b0\u1edbc kham hi\u1ebfm, th\u00e2n h\u00ecnh c\u00e1c Sa-m\u00f4n, B\u00e0-la-m\u00f4n tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh g\u1ea7y y\u1ebfu, s\u1ee9c l\u1ef1c ki\u1ec7t qu\u1ec7. Do v\u1eady ch\u00fang tr\u1edf lui l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3 m\u1ed3i do \u00c1c ma gieo ra v\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u1eadt d\u1ee5ng th\u1ebf gian. Ch\u00fang x\u00e2m nh\u1eadp, tham \u0111\u1eafm c\u00e1c m\u00f3n \u0103n. Cho n\u00ean ch\u00fang tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh n\u1ea1n nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a \u00c1c ma nh\u01b0 \u0111o\u00e0n nai th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t. \u0110o\u00e0n nai th\u1ee9 ba h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a hai \u0111o\u00e0n nai \u0111\u1ea7u, kh\u00f4ng x\u00e2m nh\u1eadp, kh\u00f4ng tham \u0111\u1eafm, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ch\u1ea1y tr\u1ed1n v\u00e0o r\u1eebng. Tr\u00e1i l\u1ea1i ch\u00fang l\u00e0m m\u1ed9t ch\u1ed7 \u1ea9n n\u1ea5p g\u1ea7n c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3 m\u1ed3i do \u00c1c ma gieo ra v\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u1eadt d\u1ee5ng th\u1ebf gian, kh\u00f4ng x\u00e2m nh\u1eadp, kh\u00f4ng tham \u0111\u1eafm, ch\u00fang \u0103n c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3 \u0103n do \u00c1c ma gieo ra v\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng th\u1ebf gian. Nh\u1edd v\u1eady ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh n\u1ea1n nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a \u00c1c ma. Nh\u01b0ng r\u1ed3i ch\u00fang kh\u1edfi l\u00ean c\u00e1c t\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn: “Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi l\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f2n hay kh\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f2n, th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi l\u00e0 h\u1eefu bi\u00ean hay v\u00f4 bi\u00ean” v.v… Do v\u1eady, h\u1ea1ng Sa-m\u00f4n, B\u00e0-la-m\u00f4n n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi nh\u01b0 \u00fd l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a \u00c1c ma. \u0110o\u00e0n nai th\u1ee9 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u01b0ng cho h\u1ea1ng Sa-m\u00f4n, B\u00e0-la-m\u00f4n r\u00fat \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a ba h\u1ea1ng Sa m\u00f4n tr\u01b0\u1edbc, kh\u00f4ng x\u00e2m nh\u1eadp, kh\u00f4ng tham \u0111\u1eafm th\u1ecd d\u1ee5ng n\u0103m d\u1ee5c tr\u01b0\u1edfng d\u01b0\u1ee1ng, cho n\u00ean \u00c1c ma kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ea5u v\u1ebft…. Ch\u00fang l\u00e0m m\u1ed9t ch\u1ed7 \u1ea9n n\u1ea5p khi\u1ebfn cho \u00c1c ma v\u00e0 \u00c1c ma quy\u1ebfn thu\u1ed9c kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. L\u00e0m ch\u1ed7 \u1ea9n n\u1ea5p xong, ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 x\u00e2m nh\u1eadp kh\u00f4ng tham \u0111\u1eafm \u0103n c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3 \u0103n do \u00c1c ma gieo ra v\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u1eadt d\u1ee5ng th\u1ebf gian. Nh\u1edd v\u1eady ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u00ea lo\u1ea1n v\u00e0 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng v\u1eadt b\u1ecb l\u00e0m theo \u00fd \u00c1c ma mu\u1ed1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt d\u1ea1y: “N\u00e0y c\u00e1c T\u1ef7-kheo, sao g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u00c1c ma v\u00e0 \u00c1c ma quy\u1ebfn thu\u1ed9c kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c? \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y n\u00e0y c\u00e1c T\u1ef7-kheo, T\u1ef7-kheo ly d\u1ee5c, ly b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p, ch\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 tr\u00fa Thi\u1ec1n th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t…. ch\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 tr\u00fa Thi\u1ec1n th\u1ee9 hai…. ch\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 tr\u00fa Thi\u1ec1n th\u1ee9 ba… ch\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 tr\u00fa Thi\u1ec1n th\u1ee9 t\u01b0, kh\u00f4ng kh\u1ed5, kh\u00f4ng l\u1ea1c, x\u1ea3 ni\u1ec7m, thanh t\u1ecbnh. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 T\u1ef7-kheo l\u00e0m \u00c1c ma m\u00f9 m\u1eaft, \u0111o\u1ea1n tuy\u1ec7t m\u1eaft c\u1ee7a \u00c1c ma, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n d\u1ea5u t\u00edch khi\u1ebfn \u00c1c ma kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i l\u1ed1i v\u1ec1”.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u1ed9t s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a Thi\u1ec1n l\u00e0 \u0111em l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng s\u1ef1 h\u00e3i cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u00e0nh Thi\u1ec1n. Trong kinh Ch\u01b0 Thi\u00ean (T\u0103ng Chi B\u1ed9<\/em>), c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u01b0 Thi\u00ean \u0111\u00e1nh nhau v\u1edbi A-tu-la. Trong tr\u1eadn chi\u1ebfn n\u00e0y ch\u01b0 Thi\u00ean b\u1ea1i tr\u1eadn v\u00e0 b\u1ecf ch\u1ea1y, c\u00e1c A-tu-la \u0111u\u1ed5i theo. Ch\u01b0 Thi\u00ean d\u1eebng l\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e1nh tr\u1eadn th\u1ee9 hai, c\u0169ng b\u1ea1i tr\u1eadn v\u00e0 ch\u1ea1y d\u00e0i, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c A-tu-la \u0111u\u1ed5i theo. Ch\u01b0 Thi\u00ean d\u1eebng l\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e1nh tr\u1eadn th\u1ee9 ba, c\u0169ng b\u1ecb b\u1ea1i tr\u1eadn v\u00e0 c\u0169ng ch\u1ea1y d\u00e0i. L\u1ea7n n\u00e0y ch\u01b0 Thi\u00ean l\u1ea1i v\u00e0o \u1ea9n n\u00e1u trong th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 ch\u01b0 Thi\u00ean, v\u00e0 ch\u01b0 Thi\u00ean bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng v\u00e0o n\u00fap trong th\u00e0nh n\u00e0y, c\u00e1c A-tu-la kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e1nh. “Ch\u01b0 thi\u00ean suy ngh\u0129 nh\u01b0 sau: “Nay ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ed7 \u1ea9n n\u00e1u c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i. Hi\u1ec7n nay, ch\u00fang ta s\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi ch\u00fang ta, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m v\u1edbi c\u00e1c A-tu-la”. N\u00e0y c\u00e1c T\u1ef7-kheo, c\u00e1c A-tu-la c\u0169ng suy ngh\u0129 nh\u01b0 sau: “Nay ch\u01b0 Thi\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ed7 \u1ea9n n\u00e1u c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i. Hi\u1ec7n nay ch\u00fang s\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi ch\u00fang n\u00f3, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m v\u1edbi ch\u00fang ta”.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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“C\u0169ng v\u1eady, n\u00e0y c\u00e1c T\u1ef7-kheo, trong khi T\u1ef7-kheo ly d\u1ee5c, ly b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p, ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea1t v\u00e0 an tr\u00fa S\u01a1 Thi\u1ec1n, m\u1ed9t tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i h\u1ef7 l\u1ea1c do ly d\u1ee5c sanh, c\u00f3 t\u1ea7m, c\u00f3 t\u1ee9…. ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea1t v\u00e0 an tr\u00fa Thi\u1ec1n th\u1ee9 hai…. ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea1t v\u00e0 an tr\u00fa Thi\u1ec1n th\u1ee9 ba…. ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea1t v\u00e0 an tr\u00fa Thi\u1ec1n th\u1ee9 t\u01b0… trong khi \u1ea5y n\u00e0y c\u00e1c T\u1ef7-kheo, T\u1ef7-kheo \u1ea5y suy ngh\u0129 nh\u01b0 sau: “V\u1edbi s\u1ef1 \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ed7 \u1ea9n n\u00e1u c\u1ee7a s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i, ta s\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi t\u1ef1 ng\u00e3, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 vi\u1ec7c g\u00ec ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m v\u1edbi \u00c1c ma”. N\u00e0y c\u00e1c T\u1ef7-kheo ch\u00ednh \u00c1c ma c\u0169ng suy ngh\u0129 nh\u01b0 sau: “V\u1edbi s\u1ef1 \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ed7 \u1ea9n n\u00e1u c\u1ee7a s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i, T\u1ef7-kheo s\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi t\u1ef1 ng\u00e3, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 vi\u1ec7c g\u00ec ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m v\u1edbi ta…” N\u00e0y c\u00e1c T\u1ef7-kheo nh\u01b0 v\u1eady g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 T\u1ef7-kheo l\u00e0m \u00c1c ma m\u00f9 m\u1eaft, \u0111o\u1ea1n tuy\u1ec7t m\u1eaft c\u1ee7a \u00c1c ma, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n d\u1ea5u t\u00edch, khi\u1ebfn \u00c1c ma kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i l\u1ed1i v\u1ec1”.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

Trong kinh Up\u00e0li (T\u0103ng Chi B\u1ed9<\/em>), \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a h\u00e0nh Thi\u1ec1n, v\u00e0 khuy\u00ean ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng T\u1ef7-kheo h\u00e0nh Thi\u1ec1n m\u1edbi n\u00ean \u1edf t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c r\u1eebng n\u00fai xa v\u1eafng. T\u00f4n gi\u1ea3 Up\u00e0li, mu\u1ed1n tu h\u00e0nh t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c tr\u00fa x\u1ee9 xa v\u1eafng, \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt d\u1ea1y: “Th\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng s\u1ed1ng t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c r\u1eebng n\u00fai cao nguy\u00ean, c\u00e1c tr\u00fa x\u1ee9 xa v\u1eafng. Kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n l\u00e0 \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng vi\u1ec5n ly, kh\u00f3 \u01b0a th\u00edch l\u00e0 \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9c c\u01b0. Ta ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c ng\u00f4i r\u1eebng l\u00e0m lo\u1ea1n \u00fd T\u1ef7 kheo ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh. N\u00e0y Up\u00e0li, ai n\u00f3i nh\u01b0 sau: “D\u1ea7u t\u00f4i ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh, t\u00f4i s\u1ebd s\u1ed1ng t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c r\u1eebng n\u00fai cao nguy\u00ean, t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c tr\u00fa x\u1ee9 xa v\u1eafng, th\u1eddi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1edd \u0111\u1ee3i nh\u01b0 sau: “V\u1ecb \u1ea5y s\u1ebd ch\u00ecm v\u1eafng, th\u1eddi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1edd \u0111\u1ee3i nh\u01b0 sau: “V\u1ecb \u1ea5y s\u1ebd ch\u00ecm xu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00e1y hay n\u1ed5i l\u00ean tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t n\u01b0\u1edbc”.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

R\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt d\u00f9ng v\u00ed d\u1ee5 m\u1ed9t con voi l\u1edbn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u1eb7n xu\u1ed1ng h\u1ed3 n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1edbn, t\u1eafm r\u1eeda v\u00e0 ch\u01a1i c\u00e1c tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i c\u1ee7a con voi, xong r\u1ed3i leo l\u00ean b\u1edd m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch an to\u00e0n. V\u00ec t\u1ef1 ng\u00e3 to l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a con voi, t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00e2n \u0111\u1ee9ng trong h\u1ed3 n\u01b0\u1edbc. Tr\u00e1i l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t con m\u00e8o hay m\u1ed9t con th\u1ecf, th\u1ea5y con voi l\u00e0m v\u1eady c\u0169ng b\u1eaft ch\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0m theo, ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng con voi l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1eddi m\u00ecnh c\u0169ng l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Kh\u00f4ng suy ngh\u0129 t\u00ednh to\u00e1n, n\u00f3 nh\u1ea3y xu\u1ed1ng h\u1ed3 n\u01b0\u1edbc. V\u1edbi con m\u00e8o hay con th\u1ecf \u1ea5y, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1edd \u0111\u1ee3i l\u00e0 n\u00f3 ch\u00ecm xu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00e1y n\u01b0\u1edbc hay n\u1ed5i l\u00ean tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t n\u01b0\u1edbc, v\u00ec t\u1ef1 ng\u00e3 nh\u1ecf b\u00e9 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00e2n \u0111\u1ee9ng trong h\u1ed3 n\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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C\u0169ng v\u1eady n\u00e0y Up\u00e0li, ai n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng: “D\u1ea7u t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0110\u1ecbnh, t\u00f4i s\u1ebd s\u1ed1ng trong c\u00e1c r\u1eebng n\u00fai cao nguy\u00ean t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c tr\u00fa x\u1ee9 xa v\u1eafng”. V\u1edbi v\u1ecb \u1ea5y, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1edd \u0111\u1ee3i r\u1eb1ng “N\u00f3 s\u1ebd ch\u00ecm xu\u1ed1ng hay n\u1ed5i tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t n\u01b0\u1edbc”. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady Thi\u1ec1n \u0111em l\u1ea1i cho ch\u00fang ta m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i, l\u00e0m l\u1eafng d\u1ecbu m\u1ecdi ho\u1ea3ng h\u1ed1t run s\u1ee3, khi\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u00e0nh Thi\u1ec1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1ed1ng trong r\u1eebng s\u00e2u hoang v\u1eafng, kh\u00f4ng ch\u00fat s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

\u1ede \u0111\u00e2y, ch\u00fang ta nh\u1edd g\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a m\u01b0\u1eddi T\u1ef7-kheo-ni trong T\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01afng B\u1ed9 Kinh, t\u1eeb T\u1ef7-kheo-ni Alavik\u00e0 \u0111\u1ebfn T\u1ef7-kheo-ni Vajir\u00e0, c\u1ea3 m\u01b0\u1eddi T\u1ef7-kheo-ni n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ed1i di\u1ec7n v\u1edbi \u00c1c ma m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng m\u1ed9t T\u1ef7-kheo-ni n\u00e0o ho\u1ea3ng h\u1ed1t b\u1ecf ch\u1ea1y, v\u00ec t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1ecb T\u1ef7-kheo-ni n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec1u tu Thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u1ed9t kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng n\u1eefa c\u1ee7a Thi\u1ec1n l\u00e0 \u0111em l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 h\u1ef7 l\u1ea1c cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u00e0nh Thi\u1ec1n, t\u1eeb S\u01a1 Thi\u1ec1n v\u1edbi c\u00e1c h\u1ef7 l\u1ea1c do ly d\u1ee5c sanh, \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1ecb Thi\u1ec1n do \u0111\u1ecbnh sanh, \u0111\u1ebfn Thi\u1ec1n th\u1ee9 ba kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 h\u1ef7 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 x\u1ea3 ni\u1ec7m l\u1ea1c tr\u00fa, \u0111\u1ebfn Thi\u1ec1n th\u1ee9 t\u01b0 v\u1edbi x\u1ea3 ni\u1ec7m thanh t\u1ecbnh, m\u1ed7i h\u1ef7 l\u1ea1c tu\u1ea7n t\u1ef1 vi di\u1ec7u h\u01a1n h\u1ef7 l\u1ea1c tr\u01b0\u1edbc, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u1ef7 l\u1ea1c n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng chi ph\u1ed1i t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u00e0nh Thi\u1ec1n, tr\u00e1i l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u00e0nh Thi\u1ec1n hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i l\u1ea1c tr\u00fa, \u0111\u00fang nh\u01b0 danh t\u1eeb Ditthadhammasukhavih\u00e0ri \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a cho Thi\u1ec1n. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, Thi\u1ec1n c\u00f2n \u0111em l\u1ea1i h\u1ef7 l\u1ea1c cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u00e0nh Thi\u1ec1n, v\u00e0 h\u1ef7 l\u1ea1c c\u00f3 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 m\u00f3n \u0103n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 x\u00fac th\u1ef1c, \u0111em l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 l\u1ea1c quan, n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c, tinh t\u1ea5n, ph\u1ea5n ch\u1ea5n, ngh\u1ecb l\u1ef1c cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u00e0nh Thi\u1ec1n, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111em l\u1ea1i b\u1ec7nh ho\u1ea1n, \u0111i\u00ean cu\u1ed3ng, lo\u1ea1n t\u00e2m, ch\u00e1n \u0111\u1eddi, ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111\u00e3 g\u00e1n m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch sai l\u1ea1c cho h\u00e0nh Thi\u1ec1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng n\u0103ng tuy\u1ec7t di\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a Thi\u1ec1n l\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7, t\u1eeb tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t, gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t tri ki\u1ebfn theo \u0111\u00fang qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh Gi\u1edbi, \u0110\u1ecbnh, Tu\u1ec7, Gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t, Gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t tri ki\u1ebfn.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 t\u1eeb Thi\u1ec1n th\u1ee9 t\u01b0, v\u1edbi t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u0129nh, thu\u1ea7n t\u1ecbnh trong s\u00e1ng, kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea5u nhi\u1ec5m, kh\u00f4ng phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o, nhu nhuy\u1ec5n, d\u1ec5 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng, v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc b\u00ecnh t\u0129nh nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn T\u00fac m\u1ea1ng minh, \u0111\u1ebfn Thi\u00ean nh\u00e3n minh, \u0111\u1ebfn L\u1eadu t\u1eadn minh. “V\u1ecb \u1ea5y bi\u1ebft nh\u01b0 th\u1eadt “\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 kh\u1ed5”, bi\u1ebft nh\u01b0 th\u1eadt “\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 kh\u1ed5 t\u1eadp”, bi\u1ebft nh\u01b0 th\u1eadt “\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 kh\u1ed5 di\u1ec7t”, bi\u1ebft nh\u01b0 th\u1eadt “\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u1ed5 di\u1ec7t”, bi\u1ebft nh\u01b0 th\u1eadt “\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e1c l\u1eadu ho\u1eb7c”, bi\u1ebft nh\u01b0 th\u1eadt “\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n c\u00e1c l\u1eadu ho\u1eb7c”, bi\u1ebft nh\u01b0 th\u1eadt “\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 l\u1eadu ho\u1eb7c di\u1ec7t”, bi\u1ebft nh\u01b0 th\u1eadt “\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn l\u1eadu ho\u1eb7c di\u1ec7t”. Nh\u1edd hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a v\u1ecb \u1ea5y tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi d\u1ee5c l\u1eadu, tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi h\u1eefu l\u1eadu, tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi v\u00f4 minh l\u1eadu. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u1ef1 th\u00e2n \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, kh\u1edfi l\u00ean s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft “Ta \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t” v\u1ecb \u1ea5y bi\u1ebft “Sanh \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eadn, Ph\u1ea1m h\u1ea1nh \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e0nh, nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ea7n l\u00e0m \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n tr\u1edf lui tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i n\u00e0y n\u1eefa”<\/strong>. (Kinh Trung B\u1ed9).<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn trong B\u00e1t th\u00e0nh Kinh (Kinh Trung B\u1ed9<\/em>), trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y \u0110\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 Tu\u1ec7, Ch\u1ec9 v\u00e0 Qu\u00e1n \u0111\u1ed3ng tu v\u1edbi nhau, t\u1eeb Thi\u1ec1n th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn qu\u00e1n, t\u1eeb Thi\u1ec1n th\u1ee9 hai h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn qu\u00e1n, t\u1eeb Thi\u1ec1n th\u1ee9 ba h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn qu\u00e1n, t\u1eeb Thi\u1ec1n th\u1ee9 t\u01b0 h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn qu\u00e1n… \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u1eeb c\u00e1c l\u1eadu ho\u1eb7c:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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“\u1ede \u0111\u00e2y n\u00e0y gia ch\u1ee7, v\u1ecb T\u1ef7-kheo ly d\u1ee5c, ly b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p, ch\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 tr\u00fa Thi\u1ec1n th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t, m\u1ed9t tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i h\u1ef7 l\u1ea1c do ly d\u1ee5c sanh, c\u00f3 t\u1ea7m c\u00f3 t\u1ee9. V\u1ecb \u1ea5y suy t\u01b0 v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft: “S\u01a1 Thi\u1ec1n n\u00e0y l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p h\u1eefu vi, do suy t\u01b0 t\u00e1c th\u00e0nh th\u1eddi s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt \u1ea5y l\u00e0 v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng, ch\u1ecbu s\u1ef1 \u0111o\u1ea1n di\u1ec7t. V\u1ecb \u1ea5y v\u1eefng tr\u00fa \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y, \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u1eeb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c l\u1eadu ho\u1eb7c. V\u00e0 n\u1ebfu c\u00e1c l\u1eadu ho\u1eb7c ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u1eeb, do tham luy\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y, do hoan h\u1ef7 ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y, v\u1ecb \u1ea5y \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u1eeb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u0103m h\u1ea1 ph\u1ea7n ki\u1ebft s\u1eed, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00f3a sanh, nh\u1eadp Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n t\u1ea1i c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi \u1ea5y, kh\u1ecfi ph\u1ea3i tr\u1edf lui \u0111\u1eddi n\u00e0y. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, n\u00e0y gia ch\u1ee7, l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ed9c nh\u1ea5t do Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n, b\u1eadc Tr\u00ed gi\u1ea3, b\u1eadc Ki\u1ebfn gi\u1ea3, b\u1eadc A-la-h\u00e1n, Ch\u00e1nh \u0110\u1eb3ng Gi\u00e1c tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1. N\u1ebfu T\u1ef7-kheo kh\u00f4ng ph\u00f3ng d\u1eadt, nhi\u1ec7t t\u00e2m tinh c\u1ea7n, s\u1ed1ng h\u00e0nh tr\u00ec ph\u00e1p \u1ea5y, th\u00ec t\u00e2m v\u1ecb \u1ea5y ch\u01b0a gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t v\u00e0 c\u00e1c l\u1eadu ho\u1eb7c ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u1eeb \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u1eeb, v\u00e0 ph\u00e1p v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1ee3ng an t\u1ed5n kh\u1ecfi c\u00e1c \u00e1ch ph\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u01b0a ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea1t”. C\u0169ng nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Thi\u1ec1n th\u1ee9 hai, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Thi\u1ec1n th\u1ee9 ba, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Thi\u1ec1n th\u1ee9 t\u01b0”.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

Nh\u00ecn m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t v\u1ec1 Thi\u1ec1n, ch\u00fang ta th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 v\u1ecb tr\u00ed quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a Thi\u1ec1n trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh Gi\u1edbi, \u0110\u1ecbnh, Tu\u1ec7 v\u00e0 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady gi\u00fap ch\u00fang ta \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u1eeb c\u00e1c d\u1ee5c, khi\u1ebfn cho \u00e1c ma kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng; Thi\u1ec1n gi\u00fap ch\u00fang ta \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u1eeb c\u00e1c s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i; Thi\u1ec1n \u0111em \u0111\u1ebfn cho ch\u00fang ta h\u1ef7 v\u00e0 l\u1ea1c, tho\u1ea3i m\u00e1i v\u1ec1 t\u00e2m, tho\u1ea3i m\u00e1i v\u1ec1 th\u00e2n, Thi\u1ec1n \u0111em \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ee9c kho\u1ebb cho th\u00e2n v\u00e0 cho t\u00e2m, v\u00e0 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng Thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7, t\u00e2m gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t v\u00e0 tu\u1ec7 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qua nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a tr\u00ean, ch\u00fang ta th\u1ea5y Thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u00e1p m\u00f4n c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a, nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh t\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft, Thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 h\u00f2a h\u1ee3p gi\u1eefa nh\u00e2n l\u1ef1c v\u00e0 s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean, m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 h\u00f2a h\u1ee3p nh\u1edd v\u1ecb tr\u00ed ng\u1ed3i Thi\u1ec1n, th\u1eddi gian ng\u1ed3i Thi\u1ec1n, khung c\u1ea3nh ng\u1ed3i Thi\u1ec1n. Thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u1ea1i c\u00f2n m\u1ed9t kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng quy\u1ebft tr\u1ea1ch v\u1ec1 thi\u1ec7n, h\u01b0\u1edbng thi\u1ec7n, v\u00e0 c\u1ee9u c\u00e1nh l\u00e0 thi\u1ec7n. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa Thi\u1ec1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c v\u1ec1 c\u1ea3m th\u1ecd, nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng c\u00e1c c\u1ea3m th\u1ecd t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p nh\u01b0 h\u1ef7, l\u1ea1c, x\u1ea3 v\u00e0 t\u1eeb b\u1ecf c\u00e1c c\u1ea3m th\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p, nh\u01b0 kh\u1ed5, \u01b0u. Thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c t\u00e2m l\u00fd, \u0111o\u1ea1n t\u1eadn c\u00e1c t\u00e2m l\u00fd kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p nh\u01b0 n\u0103m tri\u1ec1n c\u00e1i, tham s\u00e2n si, v\u00e0 thay th\u1ebf b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng t\u00e2m l\u00fd t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p l\u00e0 n\u0103m Thi\u1ec1n chi l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng tham, kh\u00f4ng s\u00e2n, kh\u00f4ng si. N\u00f3i t\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, Thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t giai \u0111o\u1ea1n ti\u1ebfp theo gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o tu\u1ec7 t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 Thi\u1ec1n qu\u00e1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u1ede \u0111\u00e2y, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i xin gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u m\u1ed9t ph\u00e1p m\u00f4n tu Thi\u1ec1n m\u00e0 ch\u00fang t\u00f4i t\u00ecm ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trong khi ch\u00fang t\u00f4i d\u1ecbch b\u1ed9 Samyutta Nikaya (Kinh B\u1ed9 T\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01afng<\/em>). Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i xin t\u00f3m t\u1eaft tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u v\u1edbi qu\u00fd v\u1ecb, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 qu\u00fd v\u1ecb c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh, \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 \u0111\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1eafn Ph\u00e1p m\u00f4n n\u00e0y v\u00e0 h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 do Ph\u00e1p m\u00f4n n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p m\u00f4n An\u00e0p\u00e0nasati, d\u1ecbch l\u00e0 ni\u1ec7m h\u01a1i th\u1edf v\u00f4 h\u01a1i th\u1edf ra, v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 nh\u01b0 sau trong kinh “M\u1ed9t ph\u00e1p” (T\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01afng, V<\/em>):<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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“C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ph\u00e1p, n\u00e0y c\u00e1c T\u1ef7 kheo, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tu t\u1eadp, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m cho sung m\u00e3n, c\u00f3 qu\u1ea3 l\u1edbn, c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i \u00edch l\u1edbn. Th\u1ebf n\u00e0o l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u00e1p? Ni\u1ec7m h\u01a1i th\u1edf v\u00f4, h\u01a1i th\u1edf ra. V\u00e0 n\u00e0y c\u00e1c T\u1ef7 kheo, ni\u1ec7m h\u01a1i th\u1edf v\u00f4 h\u01a1i th\u1edf ra, tu t\u1eadp th\u1ebf n\u00e0o, l\u00e0m cho sung m\u00e3n th\u1ebf n\u00e0o, c\u00f3 qu\u1ea3 l\u1edbn, c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i \u00edch l\u1edbn?”.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

“\u1ede \u0111\u00e2y, n\u00e0y c\u00e1c T\u1ef7 kheo, T\u1ef7 kheo \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn r\u1eebng hay \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn g\u1ed1c c\u00e2y, hay \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ed7 nh\u00e0 tr\u1ed1ng, v\u00e0 ng\u1ed3i ki\u1ebft gi\u00e0, l\u01b0ng th\u1eb3ng. \u0110\u1eb7t ni\u1ec7m tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eb7t, v\u1ecb \u1ea5y ch\u00e1nh ni\u1ec7m th\u1edf v\u00f4, ch\u00e1nh ni\u1ec7m th\u1edf ra”.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

“Th\u1edf v\u00f4 d\u00e0i, v\u1ecb \u1ea5y r\u00f5 bi\u1ebft “T\u00f4i th\u1edf v\u00f4 d\u00e0i”. Th\u1edf ra d\u00e0i, v\u1ecb \u1ea5y r\u00f5 bi\u1ebft: “T\u00f4i th\u1edf ra d\u00e0i”. Th\u1edf v\u00f4 ng\u1eafn, v\u1ecb \u1ea5y r\u00f5 bi\u1ebft: “T\u00f4i th\u1edf v\u00f4 ng\u1eafn”. Th\u1edf ra ng\u1eafn, v\u1ecb \u1ea5y bi\u1ebft bi\u1ebft: “T\u00f4i th\u1edf ra ng\u1eafn”.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

“C\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c to\u00e0n th\u00e2n t\u00f4i s\u1ebd tr\u1edf v\u00f4”, v\u1ecb \u1ea5y t\u1eadp. “C\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c to\u00e0n th\u00e2n t\u00f4i th\u1edf ra”, v\u1ecb \u1ea5y t\u1eadp. “An t\u1ecbnh th\u00e2n h\u00e0nh t\u00f4i s\u1ebd th\u1edf v\u00f4”, v\u1ecb \u1ea5y t\u1eadp. “An t\u1ecbnh th\u00e2n h\u00e0nh t\u00f4i s\u1ebd th\u1edf ra”, v\u1ecb \u1ea5y t\u1eadp”.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

“C\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c h\u1ef7 th\u1ecd, t\u00f4i s\u1ebd th\u1edf v\u00f4”, v\u1ecb \u1ea5y t\u1eadp. “C\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c h\u1ef7 th\u1ecd, t\u00f4i s\u1ebd th\u1edf ra”, v\u1ecb \u1ea5y t\u1eadp. “C\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c l\u1ea1c th\u1ecd, t\u00f4i s\u1ebd th\u1edf v\u00f4 ra”, v\u1ecb \u1ea5y t\u1eadp. “C\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c l\u1ea1c th\u1ecd, t\u00f4i s\u1ebd th\u1edf ra”, v\u1ecb \u1ea5y t\u1eadp”.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

“C\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c t\u00e2m h\u00e0nh, t\u00f4i s\u1ebd th\u1edf v\u00f4”, v\u1ecb \u1ea5y t\u1eadp. “C\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c t\u00e2m h\u00e0nh, t\u00f4i s\u1ebd th\u1edf ra”, v\u1ecb \u1ea5y t\u1eadp. “An t\u1ecbnh t\u00e2m h\u00e0nh, t\u00f4i s\u1ebd th\u1edf v\u00f4”, v\u1ecb \u1ea5y t\u1eadp. “An t\u1ecbnh t\u00e2m h\u00e0nh, t\u00f4i s\u1ebd th\u1edf ra”, v\u1ecb \u1ea5y t\u1eadp. “C\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c v\u1ec1 t\u00e2m, t\u00f4i s\u1ebd th\u1edf v\u00f4”, v\u1ecb \u1ea5y t\u1eadp, “C\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c v\u1ec1 t\u00e2m, t\u00f4i s\u1ebd th\u1edf ra”, v\u1ecb \u1ea5y t\u1eadp”.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

“V\u1edbi t\u00e2m h\u00e2n hoan, t\u00f4i s\u1ebd th\u1edf v\u00f4”, v\u1ecb \u1ea5y t\u1eadp. “V\u1edbi t\u00e2m h\u00e2n hoan, t\u00f4i s\u1ebd th\u1edf ra”, v\u1ecb \u1ea5y t\u1eadp. “V\u1edbi t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u0129nh, t\u00f4i s\u1ebd th\u1edf v\u00f4”, v\u1ecb \u1ea5y t\u1eadp. “V\u1edbi t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u0129nh, t\u00f4i s\u1ebd th\u1edf ra”, v\u1ecb \u1ea5y t\u1eadp. “V\u1edbi t\u00e2m gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t, t\u00f4i s\u1ebd th\u1edf v\u00f4”, v\u1ecb \u1ea5y t\u1eadp. “V\u1edbi t\u00e2m gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t, t\u00f4i s\u1ebd th\u1edf ra”, v\u1ecb \u1ea5y t\u1eadp”.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

“Qu\u00e1n v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng, t\u00f4i s\u1ebd th\u1edf v\u00f4”, v\u1ecb \u1ea5y t\u1eadp. “Qu\u00e1n v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng, t\u00f4i s\u1ebd th\u1edf ra”, v\u1ecb \u1ea5y t\u1eadp. “Qu\u00e1n ly tham, t\u00f4i s\u1ebd th\u1edf v\u00f4”, v\u1ecb \u1ea5y t\u1eadp. “Qu\u00e1n ly tham, t\u00f4i s\u1ebd th\u1edf ra”, v\u1ecb \u1ea5y t\u1eadp. “Qu\u00e1n \u0111o\u1ea1n di\u1ec7t, t\u00f4i s\u1ebd th\u1edf v\u00f4”, v\u1ecb \u1ea5y t\u1eadp. “Qu\u00e1n \u0111o\u1ea1n di\u1ec7t, t\u00f4i s\u1ebd th\u1edf ra”, v\u1ecb \u1ea5y t\u1eadp. “Qu\u00e1n t\u1eeb b\u1ecf, t\u00f4i s\u1ebd th\u1edf v\u00f4”, v\u1ecb \u1ea5y t\u1eadp. “Qu\u00e1n t\u1eeb b\u1ecf t\u00f4i s\u1ebd th\u1edf ra”, v\u1ecb \u1ea5y t\u1eadp”.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

“Tu t\u1eadp nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, n\u1ea7y c\u00e1c T\u1ef7-kheo, l\u00e0m cho sung m\u00e3n, nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, ni\u1ec7m h\u01a1i th\u1edf v\u00f4, h\u01a1i th\u1edf ra c\u00f3 qu\u1ea3 l\u1edbn, c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i \u00edch l\u1edbn”.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

Ph\u00e1p m\u00f4n n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt x\u00e1c ch\u1ee9ng l\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn hai qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 Ch\u00e1nh tr\u00ed v\u00e0 B\u1ea5t lai:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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“Ni\u1ec7m h\u01a1i th\u1edf v\u00f4 v\u00e0 h\u01a1i th\u1edf ra, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tu t\u1eadp nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, n\u00e0y c\u00e1c T\u1ef7-kheo, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m cho sung m\u00e3n nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1edd \u0111\u1ee3i m\u1ed9t trong hai qu\u1ea3 sau: “Ngay trong \u0111\u1eddi hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Ch\u00e1nh tr\u00ed. N\u1ebfu c\u00f3 d\u01b0 y, ch\u1ee9ng qu\u1ea3 B\u1ea5t lai”. (T\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01afng B\u1ed9).<\/em><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

Ph\u00e1p m\u00f4n n\u00e0y gi\u00fap ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u00e0nh Thi\u1ec1n tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi th\u00e2n rung \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 t\u00e2m rung \u0111\u1ed9ng:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

“Nh\u1edd tu t\u1eadp nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, \u0111\u1ecbnh ni\u1ec7m h\u01a1i th\u1edf v\u00f4 h\u01a1i th\u1edf ra, n\u00e0y c\u00e1c T\u1ef7-kheo nh\u1edd l\u00e0m cho sung m\u00e3n nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, n\u00ean th\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb rung \u0111\u1ed9ng hay giao \u0111\u1ed9ng, t\u00e2m kh\u00f4ng rung \u0111\u1ed9ng, kh\u00f4ng giao \u0111\u1ed9ng” (Kinh Kappina, T\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01afng V).<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Khi ch\u01b0a gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9, \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt tu t\u1eadp Ph\u00e1p m\u00f4n n\u00e0y th\u00e2n v\u00e0 m\u1eaft c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb m\u1ec7t nh\u1ecdc v\u00e0 t\u00e2m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi c\u00e1c l\u1eadu ho\u1eb7c:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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“N\u00e0y c\u00e1c T\u1ef7-kheo, Ta tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9, ch\u01b0a ch\u1ee9ng Ch\u00e1nh \u0111\u1eb3ng gi\u00e1c, khi c\u00f2n l\u00e0 B\u1ed3-t\u00e1t, Ta tr\u00fa nhi\u1ec1u v\u1edbi an tr\u00fa n\u00e0y (Ni\u1ec7m h\u01a1i th\u1edf v\u00f4 h\u01a1i th\u1edf ra); Do Ta tr\u00fa nhi\u1ec1u v\u1edbi an tr\u00fa n\u1ea7y, th\u00e2n Ta v\u00e0 con m\u1eaft kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ec7t nh\u1ecdc, v\u00e0 t\u00e2m Ta \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t c\u00e1c l\u1eadu ho\u1eb7c, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ch\u1ea5p th\u1ee7. Do v\u1eady, n\u00e0y c\u00e1c T\u1ef7-kheo, n\u1ebfu T\u1ef7-kheo \u01b0\u1edbc mu\u1ed1n r\u1eb1ng: “Mong r\u1eb1ng th\u00e2n v\u00e0 m\u1eaft kh\u1ecfi b\u1ecb m\u1ec7t m\u1ecfi v\u00e0 mong r\u1eb1ng t\u00e2m t\u00f4i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi c\u00e1c l\u1eadu ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ch\u1ea5p th\u1ee7, th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecbnh ni\u1ec7m h\u01a1i th\u1edf v\u00f4 h\u01a1i th\u1edf ra n\u00e0y c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i kh\u00e9o t\u00e1c \u00fd”. (Kinh Ng\u1ecdn \u0111\u00e8n, T\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01afng V).<\/em><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

C\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u T\u1ef7-kheo trong khi qu\u00e1n b\u1ea5t t\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi th\u00e2n th\u1ec3, mu\u1ed1n t\u1eeb b\u1ecf v\u1edbi th\u00e2n n\u1ea7y, nh\u00e0m ch\u00e1n, y\u1ebfm ly \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi th\u00e2n n\u1ea7y, n\u00ean m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 T\u1ef7-kheo \u0111\u00e3 \u0111em l\u1ea1i con dao \u0111\u1ec3 k\u1ebft li\u1ec5u \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt nghe \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c li\u1ec1n t\u1ee5 h\u1ecdp c\u00e1c T\u1ef7-kheo l\u1ea1i, khi\u1ec3n tr\u00e1ch v\u00e0 d\u1ea1y tu Ph\u00e1p m\u00f4n ni\u1ec7m h\u01a1i th\u1edf v\u00f4 h\u01a1i th\u1edf ra n\u1ea7y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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“N\u00e0y c\u00e1c T\u1ef7-kheo, \u0111\u1ecbnh ni\u1ec7m h\u01a1i th\u1edf v\u00f4 h\u01a1i th\u1edf ra n\u00e0y, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tu t\u1eadp, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m cho sung m\u00e3n l\u00e0 t\u1ecbch t\u1ecbnh, th\u00f9 di\u1ec7u, thu\u1ea7n nh\u1ea5t (Arecanako), l\u1ea1c tr\u00fa, l\u00e0m cho c\u00e1c \u00e1c b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00e3 sanh hay ch\u01b0a sanh, l\u00e0m ch\u00fang bi\u1ebfn m\u1ea5t, t\u1ecbnh ch\u1ec9 l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c. V\u00ed nh\u01b0, n\u00e0y c\u00e1c T\u1ef7-kheo, trong cu\u1ed1i th\u00e1ng m\u00f9a h\u1ea1, b\u1ee5i v\u00e0 nh\u1edbp bay l\u00ean, l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1m m\u01b0a l\u1edbn tr\u00e1i m\u00f9a l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c l\u00e0m ch\u00fang bi\u1ebfn m\u1ea5t, ch\u1ec9 t\u1ecbnh. C\u0169ng v\u1eady, n\u00e0y c\u00e1c T\u1ef7-kheo, \u0111\u1ecbnh ni\u1ec7m h\u01a1i th\u1edf v\u00f4 h\u01a1i th\u1edf ra, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tu t\u1eadp, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m cho sung m\u00e3n, l\u00e0 t\u1ecbch t\u1ecbnh th\u00f9 di\u1ec7u, thu\u1ea7n nh\u1ea5t, l\u1ea1c tr\u00fa, l\u00e0m cho sung m\u00e3n, l\u00e0 t\u1ecbch t\u1ecbnh th\u00f9 di\u1ec7u, thu\u1ea7n nh\u1ea5t, l\u1ea1c tr\u00fa, l\u00e0m cho c\u00e1c \u00e1c, b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00e3 sanh bi\u1ebfn m\u1ea5t, t\u1ecbnh ch\u1ec9 l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c” (Kinh Vesali, T\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01afng V).<\/em><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

Khi tu t\u1eadp 16 \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e0i, tr\u00ean c\u00e1c c\u1ea3m th\u1ecd, tr\u00ean t\u00e2m v\u00e0 tr\u00ean c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p, \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt ch\u1ec9 d\u1ea1y cho ch\u00fang ta t\u1eadp trung t\u00e2m t\u01b0 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 trong khi h\u00e0nh Thi\u1ec1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ng\u00e0i d\u1ea1y nh\u01b0 sau (Kinh Kimbila, T\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01afng V<\/em>):<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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“N\u00e0y Ananda, s\u1ed1ng qu\u00e1n th\u00e2n tr\u00ean th\u00e2n, v\u1ecb T\u1ef7-kheo, trong khi \u1ea5y tr\u00fa nhi\u1ec7t t\u00e2m, t\u0129nh gi\u00e1c, ch\u00e1nh ni\u1ec7m, nhi\u1ebfp ph\u1ee5c tham \u01b0u \u1edf \u0111\u1eddi. V\u00ec c\u1edb sao? N\u00e0y c\u00e1c T\u1ef7-kheo, Ta tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 r\u1eb1ng t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 th\u00e2n, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 h\u01a1i th\u1edf v\u00f4 h\u01a1i th\u1edf ra. Do v\u1eady n\u00e0y Ananda, qu\u00e1n th\u00e2n tr\u00ean th\u00e2n, trong khi tr\u00fa nhi\u1ec7t t\u00e2m, t\u0129nh gi\u00e1c, ch\u00e1nh ni\u1ec7m, nhi\u1ebfp ph\u1ee5c tham \u01b0u \u1edf \u0111\u1eddi…. N\u00e0y Ananda, Ta tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 r\u1eb1ng t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c t\u1ee5 t\u1eadp \u0111\u1ecbnh ni\u1ec7m h\u01a1i th\u1edf v\u00f4 h\u01a1i th\u1edf ra, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ea5t ni\u1ec7m v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng t\u0129nh gi\u00e1c, do v\u1eady n\u00e0y Ananda, qu\u00e1n t\u00e2m tr\u00ean t\u00e2m, T\u1ef7-kheo trong khi \u1ea5y tr\u00fa nhi\u1ec7t t\u00e2m, t\u0129nh gi\u00e1c, ch\u00e1nh ni\u1ec7m, nhi\u1ebfp ph\u1ee5c tham \u01b0u \u1edf \u0111\u1eddi… N\u00e0y Ananda, qu\u00e1n ph\u00e1p tr\u00ean c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p, T\u1ef7-kheo trong khi \u1ea5y tr\u00fa nhi\u1ec7t t\u00e2m, t\u0129nh gi\u00e1c, ch\u00e1nh ni\u1ec7m, nhi\u1ebfp ph\u1ee5c tham \u01b0u \u1edf \u0111\u1eddi. \u0110o\u1ea1n t\u1eadn tham \u01b0u, sau khi th\u1ea5y v\u1edbi tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7, v\u1ecb \u1ea5y kh\u00e9o l\u00e9o tr\u00fa x\u1ea3. Do v\u1eady, n\u00e0y Ananada qu\u00e1n ph\u00e1p tr\u00ean c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p, T\u1ef7-kheo trong khi \u1ea5y tr\u00fa nhi\u1ec7t t\u00e2m, t\u0129nh gi\u00e1c, ch\u00e1nh ni\u1ec7m, nhi\u1ebfp ph\u1ee5c tham \u01b0u \u1edf \u0111\u1eddi”.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

“V\u00ed nh\u01b0, n\u00e0y Ananda, m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1ng r\u00e1c b\u1ee5i l\u1edbn \u1edf ng\u00e3 t\u01b0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng, n\u1ebfu t\u1eeb ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u00f4ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i xe \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn v\u00e0 l\u00e0m cho \u0111\u1ed1ng r\u00e1c b\u1ee5i \u1ea5y gi\u1ea3m \u0111i, n\u1ebfu t\u1eeb ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y… n\u1ebfu t\u1eeb ph\u01b0\u01a1ng B\u1eafc… n\u1ebfu t\u1eeb ph\u01b0\u01a1ng Nam, m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i xe \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn v\u00e0 l\u00e0m cho \u0111\u1ed1ng r\u00e1c b\u1ee5i \u1ea5y gi\u1ea3m b\u1edbt \u0111i, c\u0169ng v\u1eady n\u00e0y Ananda, T\u1ef7-kheo trong khi tr\u00fa qu\u00e1n th\u00e2n tr\u00ean th\u00e2n, l\u00e0m cho gi\u1ea3m b\u1edbt \u0111i c\u00e1c \u00e1c b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p, khi tr\u00fa qu\u00e1n th\u1ecd tr\u00ean c\u00e1c c\u1ea3m th\u1ecd… Khi tr\u00fa qu\u00e1n ph\u00e1p tr\u00ean c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p, l\u00e0m cho gi\u1ea3m b\u1edbt \u0111i c\u00e1c \u00e1c b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p”.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

V\u1edbi nh\u1eefng \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u00edch d\u1eabn l\u1eddi d\u1ea1y c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt v\u1ec1 Ph\u00e1p m\u00f4n ni\u1ec7m h\u01a1i th\u1edf ra, ch\u00fang ta t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch, v\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t sau \u0111\u00e2y v\u1ec1 ph\u00e1p m\u00f4n An\u00e0p\u00e0nasati n\u00e0y:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1. Ph\u00e1p m\u00f4n n\u00e0y thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 ph\u00e1p m\u00f4n b\u1ed1n ni\u1ec7m x\u1ee9 (catt\u00e0rosatipatth\u00e0na) t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p m\u00f4n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ed1n ch\u1ed7 (x\u1ee9) \u0111\u1ec3 an tr\u00fa ni\u1ec7m t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 th\u00e2n, th\u1ecd, t\u00e2m v\u00e0 ph\u00e1p. Ph\u00e1p m\u00f4n An\u00e0p\u00e0nasati n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn 16 \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e0i \u0111\u1ec3 an tr\u00fa t\u00e2m: b\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e0i v\u1ec1 th\u00e2n, b\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e0i v\u1ec1 c\u1ea3m th\u1ecd, b\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e0i v\u1ec1 t\u00e2m, b\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e0i v\u1ec1 ph\u00e1p. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u00e0nh Thi\u1ec1n, v\u1eeba th\u1edf v\u00f4 v\u1eeba th\u1edf ra, v\u1eeba suy t\u01b0 qu\u00e1n t\u01b0\u1edfng tr\u00ean 16 \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e0i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ebfn h\u01a1i th\u1edf.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2. Ph\u00e1p m\u00f4n n\u00e0y g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7, g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 ch\u1ec9 (samatha) v\u00e0 qu\u00e1n (vipassan\u00e0). C\u1ea3 hai Ch\u1ec9 Qu\u00e1n, \u0110\u1ecbnh Tu\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ec1u song tu trong ph\u00e1p m\u00f4n n\u00e0y. Khi d\u00f9ng t\u1ea7m t\u1ee9 c\u1ed9t t\u00e2m tr\u00ean h\u01a1i th\u1edf v\u00f4 h\u01a1i th\u1edf ra, nh\u01b0 v\u1eady l\u00e0 Ch\u1ec9, nh\u01b0 v\u1eady l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ecbnh. Khi l\u1ea5y tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 qu\u00e1n s\u00e1t 16 \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn, nh\u01b0 v\u1eady l\u00e0 Qu\u00e1n, nh\u01b0 v\u1eady l\u00e0 Tu\u1ec7.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3. V\u00ec Ph\u00e1p m\u00f4n ni\u1ec7m h\u01a1i th\u1edf v\u00f4 h\u01a1i th\u1edf ra l\u00e0 Ch\u1ec9 Qu\u00e1n song tu, \u0110\u1ecbnh Tu\u1ec7 song tu, n\u00ean hai \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u00e1c ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a Ph\u00e1p m\u00f4n n\u00e0y c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi nh\u1eadn. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft l\u1ea5y t\u1ea7m v\u00e0 t\u1ee9 h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u00e2m v\u00e0 c\u1ed9t t\u00e2m v\u00e0o h\u01a1i th\u1edf v\u00f4 h\u01a1i th\u1edf ra trong su\u1ed1t th\u1eddi ng\u1ed3i Thi\u1ec1n, kh\u00f4ng r\u1eddi ra m\u1ed9t gi\u00e2y ph\u00fat n\u00e0o. Nh\u1edd v\u1eady, \u0111\u1ed1i tr\u1ecb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00f4n tr\u1ea7m th\u1ee5y mi\u00ean, tr\u1ea1o h\u1ed1i v\u00e0 nghi ng\u1edd. Trong su\u1ed1t th\u1eddi ng\u1ed3i Thi\u1ec1n, t\u00e2m ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng r\u1eddi kh\u1ecfi h\u01a1i th\u1edf v\u00f4 h\u01a1i th\u1edf ra. Ch\u1ec9 khi n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn Thi\u1ec1n th\u1ee9 t\u01b0, ch\u00fang ta m\u1edbi c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i r\u1eddi kh\u1ecfi h\u01a1i th\u1edf v\u00f4 h\u01a1i th\u1edf ra. Ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ebfn, ch\u00fang ta l\u1ea5y tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 qu\u00e1n s\u00e1t 16 \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ecdn l\u1ef1a, t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e0i th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e0i th\u1ee9 16, li\u00ean t\u1ee5c qu\u00e1n s\u00e1t nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, v\u00e0 trong khi qu\u00e1n s\u00e1t, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng tu t\u1eadp \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n cho \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e0i m\u00ecnh \u0111ang qu\u00e1n s\u00e1t, nh\u01b0 v\u1eady ph\u00e1p m\u00f4n n\u00e0y \u0111\u1eb7t n\u1eb7ng s\u1ef1 luy\u1ec7n t\u1eadp t\u00e2m con ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00f9y theo \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e0i l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u00ed nh\u01b0 mu\u1ed1n cho t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c h\u1ef7 v\u00e0 l\u1ea1c, th\u1eddi c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i t\u1eadp: “c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c h\u1ef7 th\u1ecd, t\u00f4i s\u1ebd th\u1edf v\u00f4”, v\u1ecb \u1ea5y t\u1eadp. “C\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c h\u1ef7 th\u1ecd, t\u00f4i s\u1ebd th\u1edf ra” v\u1ecb \u1ea5y t\u1eadp, “C\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c l\u1ea1c th\u1ecd, t\u00f4i s\u1ebd th\u1edf v\u00f4” v\u1ecb \u1ea5y t\u1eadp. “C\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c l\u1ea1c th\u1ecd t\u00f4i s\u1ebd th\u1edf ra” v\u1ecb \u1ea5y t\u1eadp. Mu\u1ed1n cho t\u00e2m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c an t\u1ecbnh, th\u1eddi ph\u1ea3i t\u1eadp “An t\u1ecbnh t\u00e2m h\u00e0nh, t\u00f4i s\u1ebd th\u1edf v\u00f4” v\u1ecb \u1ea5y t\u1eadp. “An t\u1ecbnh t\u00e2m h\u00e0nh, t\u00f4i s\u1ebd th\u1edf ra” v\u1ecb \u1ea5y t\u1eadp. Mu\u1ed1n cho t\u00e2m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u0129nh, th\u1eddi ph\u1ea3i t\u1eadp: “V\u1edbi t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u0129nh, t\u00f4i s\u1ebd th\u1edf v\u00f4”, v\u1ecb \u1ea5y t\u1eadp. “V\u1edbi t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u0129nh, t\u00f4i s\u1ebd th\u1edf ra”, v\u1ecb \u1ea5y t\u1eadp. T\u00f9y theo m\u00ecnh mu\u1ed1n tu t\u1eadp t\u00e2m g\u00ec, qu\u00e1n theo ph\u00e1p g\u00ec, th\u1eddi m\u00ecnh ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n ch\u00fa t\u00e2m v\u00e0o v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u1ea5y \u0111\u1ec3 tu t\u1eadp, \u0111\u00e2y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 xem nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p t\u1ef1 k\u1ef7 \u00e1m th\u1ecb, nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u1ef1c h\u1ed9 tr\u00ec, n\u00ean kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p t\u1ef1 k\u1ef7 \u00e1m th\u1ecb th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng. Ch\u00fang ta n\u00ean xem nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t Ph\u00e1p m\u00f4n hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n t\u00e2m l\u00fd, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t ch\u1ecdn l\u1ef1a nh\u1eefng t\u00e2m l\u00fd c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 luy\u1ec7n cho \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e2m l\u00fd \u1ea5y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

4. Nh\u01b0 l\u1eddi \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt d\u1ea1y, Ph\u00e1p m\u00f4n n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn qu\u1ea3 ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Ch\u00e1nh tr\u00ed ngay trong hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i, n\u1ebfu c\u00f2n c\u00f3 d\u01b0 y, ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u1ea3 B\u1ea5t Lai. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady Ph\u00e1p m\u00f4n n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ee9u c\u00e1nh gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

5. Ph\u00e1p m\u00f4n n\u00e0y gi\u00fap ch\u00fang ta ch\u1ebf ng\u1ef1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e2n rung \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 t\u00e2m rung \u0111\u1ed9ng, gi\u00fap cho th\u00e2n c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta, con m\u1eaft c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ec7t m\u1ecfi. Ph\u00e1p m\u00f4n n\u00e0y l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u00e1p m\u00f4n t\u1ecbch t\u1ecbnh, th\u00f9 di\u1ec7u, thu\u1ea7n nh\u1ea5t, kh\u00f4ng g\u00e2y m\u1ed9t t\u00e1c h\u1ea1i g\u00ec cho th\u00e2n t\u00e2m. Tr\u00e1i l\u1ea1i gi\u00fap ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u00e0nh Thi\u1ec1n hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i l\u1ea1c tr\u00fa. Ph\u00e1p m\u00f4n n\u00e0y l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111o\u1ea1n t\u1eadn tham \u01b0u, l\u00e0m v\u01a1i nh\u1eb9 c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Do v\u1eady, h\u00e0nh tr\u00ec ph\u00e1p m\u00f4n An\u00e0p\u00e0nasati n\u00e0y, kh\u00f4ng \u0111em l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t t\u00e1c h\u1ea1i g\u00ec \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00e2n t\u00e2m, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 b\u00f9a ch\u00fa, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 b\u1eaft \u1ea5n, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ph\u00f9 ph\u00e9p, ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t n\u1ebfp s\u1ed1ng l\u00e0nh m\u1ea1nh, trong s\u00e1ng, m\u1ed9t pp gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c h\u01b0\u1edbng th\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111em l\u1ea1i l\u1ee3i \u00edch cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 nh\u1edd kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed trong l\u00e0nh khi h\u00e0nh Thi\u1ec1n, nh\u1edd th\u1edf v\u00f4 th\u1edf ra \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00f2a, nh\u1edd nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng c\u00e1c c\u1ea3m th\u1ecd h\u1ef7 l\u1ea1c, nh\u1edd t\u00e2m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ed9t s\u1ea1ch c\u00e1c tri\u1ec1n c\u00e1i n\u00ean con m\u1eaft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u00e1ng su\u1ed1t, th\u00e2n th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kho\u1ebb m\u1ea1nh, ph\u1ed5i th\u1edf v\u00f4 th\u1edf ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00f2a, tim \u0111\u1eadp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00f2a, m\u1ea1ch nh\u1ea3y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00f2a, gi\u00fap ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 ti\u1ebfn d\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y nh\u1eefng kinh nghi\u1ec7m b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n v\u1ec1 Thi\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi th\u00e0nh \u0110\u1ea1o, trong khi th\u00e0nh \u0110\u1ea1o, trong su\u1ed1t 45 n\u0103m thuy\u1ebft ph\u00e1p, v\u00e0 trong khi Ng\u00e0i nh\u1eadp Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi d\u1ea1y c\u0103n b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt v\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 h\u00e0nh Thi\u1ec1n. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u ph\u00e1p m\u00f4n ni\u1ec7m h\u01a1i th\u1edf v\u00f4 h\u01a1i th\u1edf ra \u0111\u1ec3 qu\u00fd v\u1ecb Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed v\u00e0 h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

N\u1ebfu ch\u00fang ta \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng Ph\u00e1p m\u00f4n ni\u1ec7m h\u01a1i th\u1edf v\u00f4 h\u01a1i th\u1edf ra ngay trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i, \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3n d\u1ecb v\u00e0 ki\u00ean tr\u00ec, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 15 ph\u00fat, n\u1eeda gi\u1edd hay 1 gi\u1edd h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y, trong c\u00e1c bu\u1ed5i s\u1edbm hay bu\u1ed5i t\u1ed1i, th\u1eddi d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd th\u00e2u nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 thi\u1ebft th\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1p m\u00f4n n\u00e0y. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng v\u1ecb ch\u00fa tr\u1ecdng v\u1ec1 d\u01b0\u1ee1ng sinh, ni\u1ec7m h\u01a1i th\u1edf v\u00f4 h\u01a1i th\u1edf ra \u0111em l\u1ea1i cho qu\u00fd v\u1ecb s\u1ee9c kho\u1ebb th\u00e2n t\u00e2m c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfn g\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ebfn “V\u00f4 b\u1ec7nh, l\u1ee3i t\u1ed1i th\u01b0\u1ee3ng” (Arogy\u00e0 param\u00e0labh\u00e0).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng v\u1ecb mu\u1ed1n h\u00f2a h\u1ee3p s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh n\u1ed9i t\u00e2m v\u1edbi s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean, ng\u1ed3i Thi\u1ec1n gi\u1eefa tr\u1eddi, trong c\u1ea3nh thanh v\u1eafng t\u1ecbch m\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a ban \u0111\u00eam hay trong r\u1eebng s\u00e2u c\u00f4 t\u1ecbch, s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0a l\u1ea1i cho ch\u00fang ta nhi\u1ec1u c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c k\u1ef3 di\u1ec7u. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ai mu\u1ed1n gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c c\u1ea3m th\u1ecd, nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng c\u00e1c c\u1ea3m th\u1ecd l\u00e0nh m\u1ea1nh, \u0111\u1ed1i tr\u1ecb v\u1edbi kh\u1ed5 \u01b0u, nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng h\u1ef7 l\u1ea1c, ni\u1ec7m h\u01a1i th\u1edf v\u00f4 h\u01a1i th\u1edf ra c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap h\u1ecd hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i l\u1ea1c tr\u00fa v\u00e0 nh\u00ecn \u0111\u1eddi v\u1edbi c\u1eb7p m\u1eaft l\u1ea1c quan. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng v\u1ecb mu\u1ed1n \u0111i s\u00e2u v\u00e0o v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e2m l\u00fd, gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c, nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng cho m\u00ecnh c\u00e1c s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh Ni\u1ec7m, \u0110\u1ecbnh, Tu\u1ec7; Ph\u00e1p m\u00f4n Thi\u1ec1n v\u1ec1 h\u01a1i th\u1edf n\u00e0y gi\u00fap h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee9u c\u00e1nh c\u1ee7a Ph\u1ea1m h\u1ea1nh ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e2m gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t, tu\u1ec7 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ch\u00fang ta h\u00e3y c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng l\u00e0m s\u1ed1ng d\u1eady \u00fd ngh\u0129a l\u00e0nh m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a h\u00e0nh Thi\u1ec1n nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y, \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng ph\u00e1p m\u00f4n ni\u1ec7m h\u01a1i th\u1edf v\u00f4 h\u01a1i th\u1edf ra trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng h\u1eb1ng ng\u00e0y c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta v\u00e0 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady ch\u00fang ta v\u1eeba b\u00e1o \u0111\u00e1p \u00e2n \u0111\u1ee9c thuy\u1ebft ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ed9 sanh c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 m\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c san x\u1ebb nh\u1eefng kinh nghi\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 Thi\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt. C\u00f3 v\u1eady ch\u00fang ta m\u1edbi \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p h\u00e0nh Thi\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ecd nh\u1eefng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p c\u1ee7a Ph\u00e1p m\u00f4n h\u00e0nh Thi\u1ec1n<\/p>\n\n\n\n

H\u00f2a th\u01b0\u1ee3ng Th\u00edch Minh Ch\u00e2u
<\/strong>Tr\u00edch: “H\u00e0nh Thi\u1ec1n”, T\u1ec9nh h\u1ed9i Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o Th\u1eeba Thi\u00ean, 1993<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

H\u00f2a th\u01b0\u1ee3ng Th\u00edch Minh Ch\u00e2u Nh\u01b0 Lai Thi\u1ec1n trong kinh t\u1ea1ng P\u00e0li, hay “H\u00e0nh Thi\u1ec1n, m\u1ed9t n\u1ebfp s\u1ed1ng l\u00e0nh m\u1ea1nh trong s\u00e1ng, m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c h\u01b0\u1edbng th\u01b0\u1ee3ng”, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn Nh\u01b0 Lai Thi\u1ec1n m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn T\u1ed5 S\u01b0 Thi\u1ec1n. \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y ch\u00fang t\u00f4i h\u1ea1n […]\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[6],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-541","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-dinh-hoc"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/phapphat.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/541","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/phapphat.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/phapphat.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/phapphat.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/phapphat.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=541"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/phapphat.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/541\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":543,"href":"https:\/\/phapphat.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/541\/revisions\/543"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/phapphat.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=541"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/phapphat.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=541"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/phapphat.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=541"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}