{"id":298,"date":"2025-01-06T21:05:22","date_gmt":"2025-01-06T14:05:22","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/phapvien.com\/?p=298"},"modified":"2025-01-06T21:05:22","modified_gmt":"2025-01-06T14:05:22","slug":"duc-phat-cua-chung-ta","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/phapphat.com\/?p=298","title":{"rendered":"\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

T\u1ef3 kheo Th\u00edch Minh Ch\u00e2u<\/em><\/h3>\n\n\n\n\n\n
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L\u1eddi gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u. — \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 b\u00e0i thuy\u1ebft gi\u1ea3ng v\u1ec1 “\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta” m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e0i d\u1ec5 l\u00e0m cho Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean, v\u00ec \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta l\u00e0 B\u1ed5n S\u01b0 Th\u00edch Ca M\u00e2u Ni Ph\u1eadt r\u1ed3i c\u00f2n g\u00ec m\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1eb7t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1. Nh\u01b0ng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 s\u1edf d\u0129 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t ra l\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u khi ch\u00fang ta ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5u tri\u1ec7t t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 tinh t\u01b0\u1eddng, \u0111\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1edbng, h\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ee9c, tin \u0111\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt ch\u00fang ta. Do v\u1eady, b\u00e0i n\u00e0y, m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n gi\u00fap ch\u00fang ta tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi nh\u1eefng thi\u1ebfu s\u00f3t nh\u01b0 v\u1eady.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

-oOo-<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u1ec1 t\u00e0i thuy\u1ebft gi\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i h\u00f4m nay l\u00e0: “\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta” ch\u1eafc c\u0169ng l\u00e0m cho m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean. Ch\u00fang ta l\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed, th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt Th\u00edch Ca M\u00e2u Ni r\u1ed3i, c\u00f2n c\u1ea7n g\u00ec th\u00eam m\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i thuy\u1ebft gi\u1ea3ng. Nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang ta c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn, ch\u00fang ta c\u0169ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn, nh\u1eefng quan \u0111i\u1ec3m l\u1ec7ch l\u1ea1c v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ee9c B\u1ed5n S\u01b0 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fang v\u1edbi h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh m\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt mu\u1ed1n ch\u00fang ta h\u00ecnh dung v\u1ec1 Ng\u00e0i cho \u0111\u00fang Ch\u00e1nh Ph\u00e1p. C\u0169ng nhi\u1ec1u khi l\u00f2ng t\u1ecbnh t\u00edn c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Ng\u00e0i ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9ng, c\u00f2n b\u1ecb h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u. L\u1ea1i th\u00eam, c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n ch\u00fang ta tr\u00edch d\u1eabn t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u1ec1 \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta v\u00e0 v\u00ec v\u1eady, h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u1ec1 Ng\u00e0i c\u0169ng c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u thi\u1ebfu s\u00f3t g\u00f2 b\u00f3. Do v\u1eady ch\u00fang t\u00f4i ngh\u0129, m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e0i thuy\u1ebft gi\u1ea3ng n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 r\u1ea5t c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft v\u00e0 n\u00ean l\u00e0m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Vi\u1ec7c tr\u01b0\u1edbc kia ch\u00fang t\u00f4i l\u00e0 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf c\u00e1c t\u01b0 li\u1ec7u m\u00e0 ch\u00fang t\u00f4i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng, ch\u1ec9 t\u1eeb kinh t\u1ea1ng Pali m\u00e0 th\u00f4i. S\u1ef1 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf n\u00e0y gi\u00fap ch\u00fang t\u00f4i lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111i qu\u00e1 xa th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt c\u00f2n t\u1ea1i th\u1ebf, v\u00e0o kho\u1ea3ng 100 n\u0103m sau khi \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt nh\u1eadp di\u1ec7t. S\u1ef1 h\u1ea1n c\u00e1c t\u01b0 li\u1ec7u ch\u1ec9 trong kinh t\u1ea1ng Pali gi\u00fap ch\u00fang t\u00f4i x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng h\u00ecnh b\u00f3ng b\u1eadc \u0110\u1ea1o s\u01b0 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta, v\u1eeba c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ed trong v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u1ed9i dung, v\u1eeba di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i trung th\u1ef1c v\u1ec1 b\u1eadc \u0111\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ea1o S\u01b0 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1eadc \u0110\u1ea1o S\u01b0 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta, tr\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean, ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t kh\u00f4ng hai c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt – v\u1ecb tr\u00ed n\u00e0y cho ch\u00fang ta th\u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt th\u1ee9 hai trong su\u1ed1t hi\u1ec1n ki\u1ebfp \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt t\u1ea1i th\u1ebf – v\u1ecb tr\u00ed n\u00e0y c\u00f2n gi\u00fap ch\u00fang ta nh\u1eadn r\u00f5 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p g\u00ec c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt Th\u00edch Ca M\u00e2u Ni cho nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i, cho th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi n\u00e0y th\u1eadt l\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t v\u00f4 song, c\u00f3 v\u1eady, ch\u00fang ta m\u1edbi \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn s\u1ef1 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n r\u1ea5t \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a v\u1ecb B\u1ed5n S\u01b0 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kinh T\u0103ng Chi B\u1ed9 Kinh t\u1eadp I, trang 37 ghi ch\u00e9p: “S\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng x\u1ea3y ra, n\u00e0y c\u00e1c T\u1ef3 keo, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trong m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u00f3 hai v\u1ecb A la h\u00e1n Ch\u00e1nh \u0111\u1eb3ng gi\u00e1c, kh\u00f4ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00f4ng sau, xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n. S\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng x\u1ea3y ra. V\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ki\u00ean n\u00e0y c\u00f3 x\u1ea3y ra, n\u00e0y c\u00e1c T\u1ef3-kheo. Trong m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb A la h\u00e1n Ch\u00e1nh \u0111\u1eb3ng gi\u00e1c, xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n, s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n n\u00e0y c\u00f3 x\u1ea3y ra”.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i, trong hi\u1ec1n ki\u1ebfp hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i, t\u1ea1i th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi n\u00e0y, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 hai \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 6 \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 nh\u01b0 \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt T\u1ef3 B\u00e0 Thi, \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt Thi Khi v.v… nh\u01b0ng thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o ki\u1ebfp qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9, kh\u00f4ng thu\u1ed9c ki\u1ebfp hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i; v\u00e0 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt Di L\u1eb7c (Maitriya), nh\u01b0ng thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o ki\u1ebfp t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai, kh\u00f4ng thu\u1ed9c ki\u1ebfp hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt, Th\u00edch Ca M\u00e2u Ni th\u1eadt l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9c nh\u1ea5t v\u00f4 nh\u1ecb, ngay trong ti\u1ec1n ki\u1ebfp c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta, v\u00e0 \u1edf trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi m\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n ch\u00fang ta \u0111ang s\u1ed1ng. T\u1eeb n\u01a1i v\u1ecb tr\u00ed Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9c nh\u1ea5t v\u00f4 nh\u1ecb n\u00e0y, Kinh T\u0103ng Chi B\u1ed9 Kinh t\u1eadp I trang 29 n\u00f3i r\u00f5 th\u00eam:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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“M\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi, n\u00e0y c\u00e1c T\u1ef3-kheo, khi xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n \u1edf \u0111\u1eddi, l\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng hai, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ea1n, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 so s\u00e1nh, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ee3, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u1ea7n, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngang h\u00e0ng, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1eb7t ngang h\u00e0ng, b\u1eadc t\u1ed1i th\u01b0\u1ee3ng gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i hai ch\u00e2n. M\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y l\u00e0 ai? Ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 Nh\u01b0 Lai, b\u1eadc A la h\u00e1n, Ch\u00e1nh \u0110\u1eb3ng gi\u00e1c; m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y khi xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n \u1edf \u0111\u1eddi, l\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng hai, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ea1n, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 so s\u00e1nh, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u1ea7n, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngang h\u00e0ng, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ngang b\u1eb1ng, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1eb7t ngang b\u1eb1ng b\u1eadc T\u1ed1i th\u1eafng gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i hai ch\u00e2n”.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ai c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u00e1nh b\u1eb1ng, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0a ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 m\u1edbi, \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u1ee9ng tr\u00ean v\u1ecb tr\u00ed g\u00ec \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t b\u1eadc t\u1ed1i th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u1edf \u0111\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng ai c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u00e1nh b\u1eb1ng, Trung b\u1ed9 kinh III, trang 110, n\u00f3i l\u00ean \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb t\u1ed1i th\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a Sa m\u00f4n Gotama t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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“Kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb T\u1ef3-kheo, n\u00e0y Ba-la-m\u00f4n, th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch tr\u1ecdn v\u1eb9n, m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p m\u00e0 Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n b\u1eadc A la h\u00e1n, Ch\u00e1nh \u0111\u1eb3ng gi\u00e1c \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u. N\u00e0y B\u00e0 la m\u00f4n, Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n l\u00e0 b\u1eadc l\u00e0m kh\u01a1i d\u1eady con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec7n kh\u1edfi l\u00e0m cho bi\u1ebft con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00f3i, l\u00e0 b\u1eadc hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ea1o, bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ea1o v\u00e0 thi\u1ec7n x\u1ea3o v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ea1o. V\u00e0 n\u00e0y, c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng v\u1ecb s\u1ed1ng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea1o v\u00e0 t\u00f9y h\u00e0nh, v\u00e0 s\u1ebd th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u \u0111\u1ea1o qu\u1ea3”.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

V\u1edbi \u0111o\u1ea1n kinh tr\u00ean, ch\u00fang ta th\u1ea5y v\u1ecb tr\u00ed \u0111\u1ed9c nh\u1ea5t v\u00f4 nh\u1ecb c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt ch\u00fang ta. Ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 v\u1ecb \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m kh\u1edfi d\u1eady con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t m\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y ch\u01b0a t\u1eebng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ai l\u00e0m cho kh\u1edfi d\u1eady; Ng\u00e0i l\u00e0m cho bi\u1ebft con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y ch\u01b0a t\u1eebng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ai l\u00e0m cho bi\u1ebft; n\u00f3i l\u00ean con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y ch\u01b0a t\u1eebng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ai n\u00f3i. Con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ea5y l\u00e0 g\u00ec? Ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t m\u00e0 ch\u00ednh t\u1ef1 Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 ra, t\u1ef1 m\u00ecnh tu t\u1eadp con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ea5y v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 m\u00ecnh gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 nh\u1edd \u0111\u00e3 \u0111i tr\u00ean con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ea5y. Ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh \u1ea5y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh g\u1ed3m c\u00f3 5 giai \u0111o\u1ea1n b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb “Gi\u1edbi, r\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ecbnh, tu\u1ec7, gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t, v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t tri ki\u1ebfn”. Con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ea5y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4 \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch tuy\u1ec7t di\u1ec7u th\u00e0nh con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng Th\u00e1nh 10 ng\u00e0nh b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb (B\u00e1t ch\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea1o: ch\u00e1nh tri ki\u1ebfn…, ch\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ecbnh, th\u00eam ch\u00e1nh tr\u00ed v\u00e0 ch\u00e1nh gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110o\u1ea1n kinh sau \u0111\u00e2y, trong Trung B\u1ed9 II, trang 211 A, x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn r\u00f5 h\u01a1n n\u1eefa v\u1ecb tr\u00ed \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u1ea5y c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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“N\u00e0y Bharavaja, \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y, c\u00e1c v\u1ecb Sa m\u00f4n, B\u00e0 la m\u00f4n \u1ea5y, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u00f3c ch\u01b0a t\u1eebng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nghe, t\u1ef1 minh ch\u1ee9ng tr\u00ed ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n ph\u00e1p \u1ea5y, t\u1ef1 nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng v\u1ec1 c\u0103n b\u1ea3n ph\u1ea1m h\u1ea1nh \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea1t ngay hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i th\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u00ed v\u00e0 c\u1ee9u c\u00e1nh b\u1ec9 ng\u1ea1n nh\u1edd th\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u00ed. Ta l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng v\u1ecb \u1ea5y”.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

T\u1eeb n\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2y, ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n l\u1ea5y l\u00e0m l\u1ea1 khi th\u1ec9nh tho\u1ea3ng \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt r\u1ed1ng l\u00ean ti\u1ebfng r\u1ed1ng con s\u01b0 t\u1eed, ti\u1ebfng r\u1ed1ng l\u00e0m ngo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea1o ho\u1ea3ng s\u1ee3, ti\u1ebfng r\u1ed1ng n\u00f3i l\u00ean th\u1ebf \u01b0u vi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a ch\u00e1nh ph\u00e1p, nh\u01b0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 trong Trung B\u1ed9 Kinh t\u1eadp I, trang 63: “N\u00e0y c\u00e1c T\u1ef3 kheo ch\u1ec9 \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y t\u1ee9c ch\u1ec9 cho trong Ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 Lu\u1eadt do \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadat thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp, ch\u1ec9 \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec7 nh\u1ea5t Sa m\u00f4n, l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec7 nh\u1ecb Sa m\u00f4n, \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec7 tam sa m\u00f4n, \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1ee9 Sa m\u00f4n, c\u00e1c ngo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea1o kh\u00e1c kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 Sa m\u00f4n”<\/em>. Ti\u1ebfng r\u1ed1ng con s\u01b0 t\u1eed n\u00e0y x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh Gi\u1edbi, \u0110\u1ecbnh, Tu\u1ec7, gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t, gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t tr\u00ec ki\u1ebfn, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4 \u0111\u1ed9ng trong con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng Th\u00e1nh \u0110\u1ea1o M\u01b0\u1eddi ng\u00e0nh do \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp m\u1edbi \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec7 nh\u1ea5t Sa m\u00f4n, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u1ecb D\u1ef1 L\u01b0u, c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec7 nh\u1ecb Sa m\u00f4n t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u1ecb Nh\u1ea5t Lai, c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec7 tam Sa m\u00f4n t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u1ecb B\u1ea5t Lai, c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed Sa m\u00f4n t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u1ecb A la h\u00e1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u1eeb n\u01a1i l\u1eddi x\u00e1c ch\u1ee9ng c\u00f3 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u1ee9t kho\u00e1t n\u00e0y, ch\u00fang ta m\u1edbi hi\u1ec3u c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt n\u00f3i v\u1edbi Upaka, m\u1ed9t du s\u0129 ngo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ecfi \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt l\u00e0 ai, khi \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111i t\u1eeb B\u1ed3 \u0110\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ea1o tr\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ebfn v\u01b0\u1eddn L\u1ed9c Uy\u1ec3n, \u0111\u1ec3 thuy\u1ebft ph\u00e1p l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean cho Ki\u1ec1u Tr\u1ea7n Nh\u01b0 v\u00e0 4 ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea1n. Khi Upaka g\u1eb7p \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt v\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u0103n trong s\u00e1ng, v\u1ecb tu s\u0129 ngo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea1o li\u1ec1n h\u1ecfi: “C\u00e1c c\u0103n c\u1ee7a hi\u1ec1n gi\u1ea3, th\u1eadt thanh khi\u1ebft! Nay hi\u1ec1n gi\u1ea3! V\u00ec m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch g\u00ec hi\u1ec1n gi\u1ea3 xu\u1ea5t gia? Ai l\u00e0 b\u1eadc \u0110\u1ea1o s\u01b0 c\u1ee7a hi\u1ec1n gi\u1ea3?”. \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt li\u1ec1n tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi v\u1edbi b\u00e0i k\u1ec7:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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“Ta kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0110\u1ea1o s\u01b0,
B\u1eadc nh\u01b0 Ta kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3.
Gi\u1eefa th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi nh\u00e2n thi\u00ean
Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ai b\u1eb1ng Ta”. (Trung B\u1ed9 Kinh t\u1eadp I, trang 171).<\/em><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

C\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi n\u00e0y khi\u1ebfn ch\u00fang ta nh\u1edb \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e2u “Thi\u00ean th\u01b0\u1ee3ng thi\u00ean h\u1ea1, duy ng\u00e3 \u0111\u1ed9c t\u00f4n”<\/em> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 khi Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u1ea3n sanh, v\u00e0 \u0111i b\u1ea3y b\u01b0\u1edbc. V\u00e0 c\u00e2u n\u00e0y c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c di\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ea1t theo truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng P\u00e0li v\u1edbi l\u1eddi tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1, nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi trong Tr\u01b0\u1eddng B\u1ed9 Kinh I trang 151: “Aggo ham asmi lokassa, jettho’ ham asmi lokassa; setto’ ham asmi lokassa, Avam antima jati natthi d\u00e0ni puabban”<\/em>‘. \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ecbch ra nh\u01b0 sau: “Ta l\u00e0 b\u1eadc t\u1ed1i t\u00f4n \u1edf \u0111\u1eddi. Ta l\u00e0 b\u1eadc Tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u1edf \u0111\u1eddi. Ta l\u00e0 b\u1eadc t\u1ed1i th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u1edf \u0111\u1eddi. Nay l\u00e0 \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a Ta. Nay ta kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n t\u00e1i sanh n\u1eefa”<\/em>. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady hai l\u1eddi tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 tuy t\u1eeb hai truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng kh\u00e1c nhau, nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng n\u00f3i l\u00ean \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb \u0111\u1ed9c t\u00f4n c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u1eddi tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 ng\u1ea1o m\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb hi\u1ec3u l\u1ea7m. L\u1eddi tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 n\u00e0y c\u0169ng n\u00f3i l\u00ean v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t kh\u00f4ng hai c\u1ee7a ch\u00e1nh ph\u00e1p t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 gi\u1edbi, \u0111\u1ecbnh, tu\u1ec7, gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t, gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t tri ki\u1ebfn. Ch\u00ednh ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt th\u00e2n ch\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 d\u1ea1y l\u1ea1i cho c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed T\u1ef3 kheo, T\u1ef3 kheo ni c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i tu h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee9ng qu\u1ea3 A la h\u00e1n nh\u01b0 Ng\u00e0i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u1edbi \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt, t\u1ef1 m\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9, khi Ng\u00e0i m\u1edbi th\u00e0nh ch\u00e1nh gi\u00e1c. Ng\u00e0i kh\u1edfi l\u00ean m\u1ed9t t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng r\u1ea5t khi\u00eam t\u1ed1n:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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“Th\u1eadt l\u00e0 kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n s\u1ed1ng kh\u00f4ng cung k\u00ednh, kh\u00f4ng v\u00e2ng l\u1eddi. V\u1eady Ta h\u00e3y cung k\u00ednh, \u0111\u1ea3nh l\u1ec5 v\u00e0 s\u1ed1ng y ch\u1ec9 v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t Sa m\u00f4n hay B\u00e0 la m\u00f4n. V\u1edbi m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch l\u00e0m cho \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 gi\u1edbi u\u1ea9n ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7, l\u00e0m cho \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ecbnh u\u1ea9n \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7… L\u00e0m cho \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 tu\u1ec7 u\u1ea9n ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7… L\u00e0m cho \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t u\u1ea9n ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7. Ta h\u00e3y cung k\u00ednh, \u0111\u1ea3nh l\u1ebd v\u00e0 s\u1ed1ng y ch\u1ec9 v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t Sa m\u00f4n hay B\u00e0 la m\u00f4n n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c. Nh\u01b0ng ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t ch\u1ed7 n\u00e0o trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi ch\u01b0 Thi\u00ean, \u00c1c ma v\u00e0 Ph\u1ea1m Thi\u00ean, gi\u1eefa qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang Sa m\u00f4n v\u00e0 B\u00e0 la m\u00f4n, Ch\u01b0 Thi\u00ean v\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i ng\u01b0\u1eddi, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t Sa m\u00f4n hay B\u00e0 la m\u00f4n n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c, v\u1edbi gi\u1edbi.. v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ecbnh… v\u1edbi tu\u1ec7… v\u1edbi gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 h\u01a1n Ta m\u00e0 Ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cung k\u00ednh \u0111\u1ea3nh l\u1ec5 v\u00e0 s\u1ed1ng y ch\u1ec9. R\u1ed3i n\u00e0y c\u00e1c T\u1ef3 kheo. Ta suy ngh\u0129 nh\u01b0 sau: ‘V\u1edbi Ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y m\u00e0 Ta \u0111\u00e3 ch\u01a1n ch\u00e1nh gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9, Ta h\u00e3y cung k\u00ednh \u0111\u1ea3nh l\u1ec5 v\u00e0 s\u1ed1ng y ch\u1ec9 Ph\u00e1p \u1ea5y’.”<\/em><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt v\u1edbi t\u00e2m t\u01b0 khi\u00eam t\u1ed1n mu\u1ed1n t\u00ecm m\u1ed9t Sa m\u00f4n \u0111\u1ec3 n\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1a y ch\u1ec9, nh\u01b0ng cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng ph\u1ea3i n\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1a y ch\u1ec9 v\u00e0o ch\u00e1nh ph\u00e1p. Th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch v\u00ec sao \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt khuy\u00ean t\u00f4n gi\u1ea3 Ananda ch\u1edb c\u00f3 s\u1ea7u mu\u1ed9n sau khi \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt nh\u1eadp di\u1ec7t, v\u00ec c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed Ph\u1eadt lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n c\u00f3 ch\u00e1nh ph\u00e1p l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o, c\u00f3 ch\u00e1nh ph\u00e1p l\u00e0m ch\u1ed7 y ch\u1ec9, c\u00f3 ch\u00e1nh ph\u00e1p l\u00e0m ch\u1ed7 n\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1a. \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 xem l\u00e0 v\u1ecb gi\u00e1o ch\u1ee7 khuy\u00ean ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean n\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1a, \u1ef7 l\u1ea1i c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n. Ng\u00e0i ch\u1ec9 khuy\u00ean ch\u00fang ta n\u00ean y ch\u1ec9 v\u00e0o ch\u00e1nh ph\u00e1p, n\u00ean n\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1a v\u00e0o ch\u00e1nh ph\u00e1p.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u00e0 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, ch\u00fang ta th\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng l\u1ea5y l\u00e0m l\u1ea1 khi \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00f4n x\u01b0ng l\u00e0 b\u1eadc t\u1ed1i th\u01b0\u1ee3ng trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i h\u1eefu t\u00ecnh nh\u01b0 kinh “L\u00f2ng tin”, s\u1ed1 34 , T\u0103ng Chi II A trang 47, \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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“D\u1ea7u cho lo\u00e0i h\u1eefu t\u00ecnh n\u00e0o, n\u00e0y c\u00e1c T\u1ef3 kheo, kh\u00f4ng ch\u00e2n hay hai ch\u00e2n, b\u1ed1n ch\u00e2n hay nhi\u1ec1u ch\u00e2n, c\u00f3 s\u1eafc hay kh\u00f4ng s\u1eafc, c\u00f3 t\u01b0\u1edfng hay kh\u00f4ng t\u01b0\u1edfng hay phi t\u01b0\u1edfng phi phi t\u01b0\u1edfng. Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n b\u1eadc A la h\u00e1n, Ch\u00e1nh \u0111\u1eb3ng gi\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 t\u1ed1i th\u01b0\u1ee3ng. Nh\u1eefng ai \u0111\u1eb7t l\u00f2ng tin v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt, ch\u00fang \u0111\u1eb7t l\u00f2ng tin v\u00e0o t\u1ed1i th\u01b0\u1ee3ng. V\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ai \u0111\u1eb7t l\u00f2ng tin v\u00e0o t\u1ed1i th\u01b0\u1ee3ng, ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u1ea3 d\u1ecb th\u1ee5c t\u1ed1i th\u01b0\u1ee3ng.”<\/em><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

T\u1eeb n\u01a1i v\u1ecb tr\u00ed \u0111\u1ed9c t\u00f4n n\u00e0y, ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u ch\u00ednh n\u01a1i \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i, nh\u1eefng kinh nghi\u1ec7m g\u00ec tr\u00ean b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00fap \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng qu\u1ea3 v\u1ecb t\u1ed1i th\u01b0\u1ee3ng. N\u00e9t \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o \u1edf n\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y \u0111\u1ec1u t\u1eeb n\u01a1i b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a Ngai do t\u1ef1 Ng\u00e0i th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh \u0111em l\u1ea1i. Ch\u1edb kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i do t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng hay do m\u1ed9t ai truy\u1ec1n l\u1ea1i cho Ng\u00e0i nh\u01b0 \u0111o\u1ea1n kinh sau n\u00e0y n\u00eau r\u00f5, trong T\u0103ng Chi II, t\u1eadp A trang 34 – 35, \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt, \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt n\u00f3i r\u00f5 s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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“Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, n\u00e0y c\u00e1c T\u1ef3 kheo, Nh\u01b0 Lai l\u00e0 v\u1ecb \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng g\u00ec c\u1ea7n th\u1ea5y, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u1eefng g\u00ec c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i th\u1ea5y, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ea5y. \u0110\u00e3 nghe nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i g\u00ec c\u1ea7n nghe, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nghe, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i g\u00ec kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nghe, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u1eefng g\u00ec c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i nghe, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi nghe. \u0110\u00e3 c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i g\u00ec c\u1ea7n c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i g\u00ec kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c. \u0110\u00e3 th\u1ee9c tri nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i g\u00ec c\u1ea7n th\u1ee9c tri, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ee9c tri, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i g\u00ec kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ee9c tri, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ecdng nh\u1eefng g\u00ec c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i th\u1ee9c tri, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ee9c tri. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady n\u00e0y c\u00e1c T\u1ef3-kheo, Nh\u01b0 Lai \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nghe, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ee9c tri, n\u00ean v\u1ecb \u1ea5y l\u00e0 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady. L\u1ea1i n\u1eefa, ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ai kh\u00e1c t\u1ed1i th\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u01a1n v\u00e0 th\u00f9 th\u1eafng h\u01a1n. Ta tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady!”.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

Sau \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng kinh nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi l\u1ea1i v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea7y d\u1ee5c l\u1ea1c khi \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt c\u00f2n l\u00e0 Th\u00e1i t\u1eed, th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u00e2t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 sanh l\u00e3o b\u1ec7nh t\u1eed va ba s\u1ef1 ki\u00eau m\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a tu\u1ed5i tr\u1ebb, kh\u00f4ng b\u1ec7nh v\u00e0 tr\u1ecdng s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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“N\u00e0y c\u00e1c T\u1ef3-kheo, Ta \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng t\u1ebf nh\u1ecb, t\u1ed1i th\u1eafng nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng t\u1ebf nh\u1ecb, c\u1ee9u c\u00e1nh nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng t\u1ebf nh\u1ecb. N\u00e0y c\u00e1c T\u1ef3-kheo, trong nh\u00e0 Ph\u1ee5 v\u01b0\u01a1ng Ta, c\u00e1c h\u1ed3 n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y l\u00ean, trong m\u1ed9t h\u1ed3 c\u00f3 hoa sen xanh, trong m\u1ed9t h\u1ed3 c\u00f3 hoa s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ecf, trong m\u1ed9t h\u1ed3 c\u00f3 hoa sen tr\u1eafng, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 cho Ta. Kh\u00f4ng m\u1ed9t chi\u00ean \u0111\u00e0n n\u00e0o Ta d\u00f9ng, n\u00e0y c\u00e1c T\u1ef3-kheo, l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng t\u1eeb K\u00e0si \u0111\u1ebfn, b\u1eb1ng v\u1ea3i K\u00e0si l\u00e0 kh\u0103n c\u1ee7a Ta, n\u00e0y c\u00e1c T\u1ef3-kheo. B\u1eb1ng v\u1ea3i K\u00e0si l\u00e0 \u00e1o c\u00e1nh; b\u1eb1ng v\u1ea3i K\u00e0si l\u00e0 n\u1ed9i y, b\u1eb1ng v\u1ea3i K\u00e0si l\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1ee3ng y. \u0110\u00eam v\u00e0 ng\u00e0y, m\u1ed9t l\u1ecdng tr\u1eafng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c che ch\u1edf cho Ta, \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh x\u00fac ch\u1ea1m l\u1ea1nh, n\u00f3ng, b\u1ee5i, c\u1ecf hay s\u01b0\u01a1ng. N\u00e0y c\u00e1c T\u1ef3 kheo, ba l\u00e2u \u0111\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng cho Ta, m\u1ed9t cho m\u00f9a \u0111\u00f4ng, m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i cho m\u00f9a h\u1ea1, m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i cho m\u00f9a m\u01b0a. V\u00e0 Ta n\u00e0y c\u00e1c T\u1ef3-kheo, t\u1ea1i l\u00e2u d\u00e0i m\u00f9a m\u01b0a, trong b\u1ed1n th\u00e1ng m\u01b0a, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng n\u1eef nh\u1ea1c c\u00f4ng doanh v\u1eady, Ta kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 xu\u1ed1ng d\u01b0\u1edbi l\u1ea7u…”<\/em><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

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“V\u1edbi Ta, n\u00e0y c\u00e1c T\u1ef3 kheo, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 gi\u00e0u sang nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee9u c\u00e1nh nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng t\u1ebf nh\u1ecb nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, Ta suy ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng: “K\u1ebb v\u00f4 v\u0103n ph\u00e0m ph\u1ee5 t\u1ef1 m\u00ecnh b\u1ecb gi\u00e0, kh\u00f4ng v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua kh\u1ecfi gi\u00e0, khi th\u1ea5y ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c b\u1ecb gi\u00e0, l\u1ea1i b\u1ef1c phi\u1ec1n, h\u1ed5 th\u1eb9n gh\u00ea t\u1edfm, qu\u00ean r\u1eb1ng m\u00ecnh c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 v\u1eady. Ta c\u0169ng b\u1ecb gi\u00e0, kh\u00f4ng v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua kh\u1ecfi gi\u00e0, khi ng\u01b0\u00f2i kh\u00e1c gi\u00e0. Ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ef1c phi\u1ec1n, h\u1ed5 th\u1eb9n, gh\u00ea t\u1edfm sao? Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady th\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng x\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e1ng cho Ta. Sau khi quan s\u00e1t v\u1ec1 Ta nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, n\u00e0y c\u00e1c T\u1ef3 kheo, s\u1ef1 ki\u00eau m\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a tu\u1ed5i tr\u1ebb trong tu\u1ed5i tr\u1ebb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u1eeb ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n”.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

“K\u1ebb v\u00f4 v\u0103n ph\u00e0m phu t\u1ef1 m\u00ecnh b\u1ecb b\u1ec7nh, kh\u00f4ng v\u01b0\u1ee3t kh\u1ecfi b\u1ec7nh, th\u1ea5y ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c b\u1ecb b\u1ec7nh, l\u1ea1i b\u1ef1c phi\u1ec1n, h\u1ed5 th\u1eb9n, gh\u00ea t\u1edfm, qu\u00ean r\u1eb1ng m\u00ecnh c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 v\u1eady. Ta c\u0169ng b\u1ecb b\u1ec7nh, kh\u00f4ng v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua kh\u1ecfi b\u1ec7nh, khi th\u1ea5y ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c b\u1ecb b\u1ec7nh, Ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ef1c phi\u1ec1n, h\u1ed5 th\u1eb9n gh\u00ea t\u1edfm sao? Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady th\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng x\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e1ng cho Ta. Sau khi qu\u00e1n s\u00e1t v\u1ec1 Ta nh\u01b0 v\u1eady n\u00e0y c\u00e1c T\u1ef3 kheo, s\u1ef1 ki\u00eau m\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a kh\u00f4ng b\u1ec7nh trong kh\u00f4ng b\u1ec7nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u1eeb ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n”.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

“K\u1ebb v\u00f4 v\u0103n ph\u00e0m phu, t\u1ef1 m\u00ecnh b\u1ecb ch\u1ebft, kh\u00f4ng v\u01b0\u1ee3t kh\u1ecfi ch\u1ebft th\u1ea5y ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c b\u1ecb ch\u1ebft, l\u1ea1i b\u1ef1c phi\u1ec1n h\u1ed5 th\u1eb9n, gh\u00ea t\u1edfm, qu\u00ean r\u1eb1ng m\u00ecnh c\u0169ng v\u1eady. Ta c\u0169ng b\u1ecb ch\u1ebft, kh\u00f4ng v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua kh\u1ecfi ch\u1ebft, khi th\u1ea5y ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c ch\u1ebft, Ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ef1c phi\u1ec1n, h\u1ed5 th\u1eb9n, gh\u00ea t\u1edfm sao? Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady th\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng x\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e1ng cho Ta. Sau khi qu\u00e1n s\u00e1t v\u1ec1 Ta nh\u01b0 v\u1eady n\u00e0y c\u00e1c T\u1ef3 kheo, s\u1ef1 ki\u00eau m\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u1eeb ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n”. (T\u0103ng Chi I, 162 – 163).<\/em><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

\u1ede \u0111o\u1ea1n kinh tr\u00ean ch\u00fang ta th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta khi c\u00f2n l\u00e0m Th\u00e1i t\u1eed, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ecd d\u1ee5c l\u1ea1c \u1edf \u0111\u1eddi, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 cho c\u00e1c d\u1ee5c l\u1ea1c \u1ea5y l\u00e0m cho say \u0111\u1eafm si m\u00ea, v\u1eabn \u00fd th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u1eb1ng sanh gi\u00e0 b\u1ec7nh ch\u1ebft v\u1eabn \u0111ang \u0111e d\u1ecda n\u1eb7ng tr\u00ean ki\u1ebfp s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u1eeb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ba s\u1ef1 ki\u00eau ng\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a tu\u1ed5i tr\u1ebb trong tu\u1ed5i tr\u1ebb, ki\u00eau m\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a kh\u00f4ng b\u1ec7nh trong kh\u00f4ng b\u1ec7nh, ki\u00eau m\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng trong s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ch\u00ednh nh\u1edd \u1edf kinh nghi\u1ec7m b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng d\u1ee5c l\u1ea1c \u1edf \u0111\u1eddi, ch\u00ednh nh\u1edd qu\u00e1n s\u00e1t s\u00e1ng su\u1ed1t v\u1ec1 th\u1ef1c tr\u1ea1ng gi\u00e0, b\u1ec7nh, ch\u1ebft c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi, n\u00ean \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua s\u1ef1 ki\u00eau m\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a tu\u1ed5i tr\u1ebb, c\u1ee7a kh\u00f4ng b\u1ec7nh, c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng, \u0111\u1ec3 sau n\u00e0y t\u1eeb b\u1ecf t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3, xu\u1ea5t gia tu \u0111\u1ea1o.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Khi Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1eeb b\u1ecf ngai v\u00e0ng, ch\u00e2u b\u00e1u, v\u1ee3 \u0111\u1eb9p con th\u01a1, t\u1ea7m \u0111\u1ea1o gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t, ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nghe \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta k\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i v\u1edbi Al\u00e0ra K\u00e0lama v\u00e0 Udaksa R\u00e0maputta, hai v\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea1o s\u01b0 n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng th\u1eddi b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 kinh nghi\u1ec7m b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt khi h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ea1o v\u1edbi Al\u00e0ra Kalama nh\u01b0 kinh Th\u00e1nh c\u1ea7u, Trung b\u1ed9 I, trang 164b \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00e9o ghi ch\u00e9p:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n

“R\u1ed3i n\u00e0y c\u00e1c T\u1ef3 kheo, sau m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian, khi Ta c\u00f2n tr\u1ebb, ni\u00ean thi\u1ebfu, t\u00f3c \u0111en nh\u00e1nh, \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 huy\u1ebft kh\u00ed c\u1ee7a tu\u1ed5i thanh xu\u00e2n, trong th\u1eddi v\u00e0ng son c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi, m\u1eb7c d\u1ea7u cha m\u1eb9 kh\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng l\u00f2ng, n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7y m\u1eb7t, than kh\u00f3c, Ta c\u1ea1o b\u1ecf r\u00e2u t\u00f3c, \u0111\u1eafp \u00e1o c\u00e0 sa, xu\u1ea5t gia, t\u1eeb b\u1ecf gia \u0111\u00ecnh, s\u1ed1ng kh\u00f4ng gia \u0111\u00ecnh. Ta xu\u1ea5t gia nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, \u0111i t\u00ecm c\u00e1i g\u00ec chi thi\u1ec7n, t\u00ecm c\u1ea7u v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ed1i th\u1eafng an t\u1ecbnh, h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ecbch t\u1ecbnh. Ta \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ed7 Al\u00e0ra K\u00e0lama \u1edf, khi \u0111\u1ebfn xong li\u1ec1n th\u01b0a v\u1edbi Al\u00e0ra K\u00e0lama: “Hi\u1ec1n gi\u1ea3 K\u00e0lama, t\u00f4i mu\u1ed1n s\u1ed1ng ph\u1ea1m h\u1ea1nh trong Ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 Lu\u1eadt n\u00e0y”.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

“N\u00e0y c\u00e1c T\u1ef3 kheo, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nghe n\u00f3i v\u1eady, Al\u00e0ra K\u00e0lama n\u00f3i v\u1edbi Ta: “N\u00e0y T\u00f4n gi\u1ea3, h\u00e3y s\u1ed1ng (v\u00e0 an tr\u00fa) Ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y l\u00e0 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, khi\u1ebfn k\u1ebb c\u00f3 tr\u00ed, kh\u00f4ng bao l\u00e2u v\u1ecb B\u1ed5n s\u01b0 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh ch\u1ec9 d\u1ea1y, t\u1ef1 tr\u1ecb, t\u1ef1 ch\u1ee9ng, t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ea1t v\u00e0 an tr\u00fa” N\u00e0y c\u00e1c T\u1ef3 kheo, v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng bao l\u00e2u Ta \u0111\u00e3 th\u00f4ng su\u1ed1t Ph\u00e1p \u1ea5y m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch mau ch\u00f3ng… “N\u00e0y c\u00e1c T\u1ef3 kheo, Ta suy ngh\u0129 nh\u01b0 sau: “Al\u00e0ra K\u00e0lama tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 Ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 v\u00ec l\u00f2ng tin. Sau khi t\u1ef1 tr\u1ecb, t\u1ef1 ch\u1ee9ng, t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ea1t, Ta m\u1edbi an tr\u00fa. Ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn Al\u00e0ra K\u00e0lama bi\u1ebft Ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y, th\u1ea5y Ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y r\u1ed3i m\u1edbi an tr\u00fa”.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

“N\u00e0y c\u00e1c T\u1ef3 kheo, r\u1ed3i Ta \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ed7 Al\u00e0ra K\u00e0lama \u1edf, sau khi \u0111\u1ebfn, Ta n\u00f3i v\u1edbi Al\u00e0ra K\u00e0lama: “Hi\u1ec1n gi\u1ea3 K\u00e0lama, cho \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00e0o, Ng\u00e0i t\u1ef1 tr\u1ecb, t\u1ef1 ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ea1t v\u00e0 tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 Ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y?” N\u00e0y c\u00e1c T\u1ef3 kheo, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00f3i v\u1eady, Al\u00e0ra K\u00e0lama tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 v\u1ec1 v\u00f4 s\u1edf h\u1eefu x\u1ee9. R\u1ed3i c\u00e1c T\u1ef3 kheo, Ta suy ngh\u0129: “Kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 Al\u00e0ra K\u00e0lama c\u00f3 l\u00f2ng tin. Ta c\u0169ng c\u00f3 l\u00f2ng tin. Kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 Al\u00e0ra K\u00e0lama m\u1edbi c\u00f3 tinh t\u1ea5n. Ta c\u0169ng c\u00f3 tinh t\u1ea5n. Kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 Al\u00e0ra K\u00e0lama m\u1edbi c\u00f3 ni\u1ec7m. Ta c\u0169ng c\u00f3 ni\u1ec7m. Kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 Al\u00e0ra K\u00e0lama m\u1edbi c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ecbnh. Ta c\u0169ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ecbnh. Kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 Al\u00e0ra K\u00e0lama m\u1edbi c\u00f3 tu\u1ec7. Ta c\u0169ng c\u00f3 tu\u1ec7. V\u1eady Ta h\u00e3y c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng ch\u1ee9ng cho \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Ph\u00e1p m\u00e0 Al\u00e0ra K\u00e0lama tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1: “Sau khi t\u1ef1 tr\u1ecb, t\u1ef1 ch\u1ee9ng, t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ea1t, Ta an tr\u00fa”<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

“R\u1ed3i n\u00e0y c\u00e1c T\u1ef3 kheo, kh\u00f4ng bao l\u00e2u, khi t\u1ef1 tr\u1ecb, t\u1ef1 ch\u1ee9ng, t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ea1t Ph\u00e1p \u1ea5y m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch mau ch\u00f3ng. Ta an tr\u00fa. R\u1ed3i n\u00e0y, c\u00e1c T\u1ef3 kheo, Ta \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ed7 Al\u00e0ra K\u00e0lama \u1edf, sau khi \u0111\u1ebfn, Ta n\u00f3i v\u1edbi Al\u00e0ra K\u00e0lama: “N\u00e0y hi\u1ec1n gi\u1ea3 K\u00e0lama c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i hi\u1ec1n gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ef1 tri, t\u1ef1 ch\u1ee9ng, t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ea1t v\u00e0 tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 Ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady” – “V\u00e2ng hi\u1ec1n gi\u1ea3. T\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ef1 tri, t\u1ef1 ch\u1ee9ng, t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ea1t v\u00e0 tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 Ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady” – “N\u00e0y hi\u1ec1n gi\u1ea3, T\u00f4i c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ef1 tr\u1ecb, t\u1ef1 ch\u1ee9ng, t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ea1t v\u00e0 tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 Ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady”. “Th\u1eadt kh\u00e9o l\u1ee3i \u00edch thay cho ch\u00fang t\u00f4i, khi ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed3ng Ph\u1ea1m h\u1ea1nh nh\u01b0 t\u00f4n gi\u1ea3 Ph\u00e1p m\u00e0 t\u00f4i t\u1ef1 tr\u00ec, t\u1ef1 ch\u1ee9ng, t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ea1t v\u00e0 tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1, ch\u00ednh Ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y hi\u1ec1n gi\u1ea3 t\u1ef1 tri, t\u1ef1 ch\u1ee9ng, t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ea1t v\u00e0 an tr\u00fa; Ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y hi\u1ec3n gi\u1ea3 t\u1ef1 tri, t\u1ef1 ch\u1eebng, t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ea1t v\u00e0 an tr\u00fa; ch\u00ednh Ph\u00e1p \u1ea5y t\u00f4i t\u1ef1 tri, t\u1ef1 ch\u1ee9ng, t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ea1t v\u00e0 tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1. Ph\u00e1p m\u00e0 t\u00f4i bi\u1ebft, ch\u00ednh Ph\u00e1p \u1ea5y hi\u1ec1n gi\u1ea3 bi\u1ebft; Ph\u00e1p m\u00e0 hi\u1ec1n gi\u1ea3 bi\u1ebft, ch\u00ednh Ph\u00e1p \u1ea5y T\u00f4i bi\u1ebft. T\u00f4i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o, hi\u1ec1n gi\u1ea3 l\u00e0 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady; hi\u1ec1n gi\u1ea3 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o, T\u00f4i l\u00e0 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady. Nay h\u00e3y \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2y, hi\u1ec1n gi\u1ea3! Hai ch\u00fang ta h\u00e3y ch\u0103m s\u00f3c h\u1ed9i ch\u00fang n\u00e0y”.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

“Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, n\u00e0y c\u00e1c T\u1ef3-kheo, Al\u00e0ra K\u00e0lama l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea1o s\u01b0 c\u1ee7a Ta, l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1eb7t Ta, \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed c\u1ee7a v\u1ecb \u1ea5y ngang h\u00e0ng v\u1edbi m\u00ecnh, v\u00e0 t\u00f4n s\u00f9ng Ta v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 t\u00f4n t\u1ed1i th\u01b0\u1ee3ng. N\u00e0y c\u00e1c T\u1ef3 kheo, r\u1ed3i Ta t\u1ef1 suy ngh\u0129: “Ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn y\u1ec3m ly, kh\u00f4ng h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn ly tham, kh\u00f4ng h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111o\u1ea1n di\u1ec7t, kh\u00f4ng h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn an t\u1ecbnh, kh\u00f4ng h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111o\u1ea1n di\u1ec7t, kh\u00f4ng h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn an t\u1ecbnh, kh\u00f4ng h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn th\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u00ed, kh\u00f4ng h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9, kh\u00f4ng h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n, m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9, kh\u00f4ng h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n, m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea1t v\u00f4 s\u1edf h\u1ee9u x\u1ee9” Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, n\u00e0y c\u00e1c T\u1ef3 kheo, Ta kh\u00f4ng t\u00f4n k\u00ednh Ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y v\u00e0 ch\u00e1n n\u1ea3n Ph\u00e1p \u1ea5y, Ta b\u1ecf \u0111i”.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

Ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00e0 n\u1ebfp s\u1ed1ng kh\u1ed5 h\u1ea1nh, \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta t\u1ef1 m\u00ecnh h\u00e0nh tr\u00ec lu\u00f4n trong s\u00e1u n\u0103m tr\u00ean kinh nghi\u1ec7m b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i, nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3: “N\u00e0y Sariputta, Ta \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 b\u1ed1n h\u1ea1nh: v\u1ec1 kh\u1ed5 h\u1ea1nh Ta kh\u1ed5 h\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ec7 nh\u1ee9t; v\u1ec1 b\u1ea7n u\u1ebf, Ta b\u1ea7n u\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec7 nh\u1ea5t; v\u1ec1 y\u1ec3m ly, Ta y\u1ec3m ly \u0111\u1ec7 nh\u1ea5t; v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed9c c\u01b0, Ta \u0111\u1ed9c c\u01b0 \u0111\u1ec7 nh\u1ea5t” (Trung B\u1ed9 I, trang 76b).<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110o\u1ea1n v\u0103n sau \u0111\u00e2y di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 h\u1ea1nh \u0103n \u00edt c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt ch\u00fang ta, ch\u00ednh nh\u1eefng h\u1ea1nh n\u00e0y khi\u1ebfn Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n g\u1ea7y m\u00f2n ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n da b\u1ecdc x\u01b0\u01a1ng, nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 trong c\u00e1c b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1ee3ng Tuy\u1ebft S\u01a1n, kh\u1eafc ghi l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 kh\u1ed5 h\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n (trong kinh S\u01b0 T\u1eed H\u1ed1ng, Trung B\u1ed9 I, trang 80).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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“V\u00ec Ta \u0103n qu\u00e1 \u00edt, tay ch\u00e2n Ta tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng c\u1ed9ng c\u1ecf hay nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed1t c\u00e2y leo kh\u00f4 h\u00e9o. V\u00ec Ta \u0103n qu\u00e1 \u00edt, h\u00e0n tr\u00f4n c\u1ee7a Ta tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh nh\u01b0 m\u00f3ng ch\u00e2n con l\u1ea1c \u0111\u00e0. V\u00ec Ta \u0103n qu\u00e1 \u00edt, c\u00e1i x\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u1ed1ng ph\u00f4 b\u00e0y c\u1ee7a Ta gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t chu\u1ed1i banh. V\u00ec Ta \u0103n qu\u00e1 \u00edt, c\u00e1i x\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u01b0\u1eddn g\u1ea7y m\u00f2n c\u1ee7a Ta gi\u1ed1ng n\u01b0 rui c\u1ed9t m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 s\u00e0n h\u01b0 n\u00e1t. V\u00ec Ta \u0103n qu\u00e1 \u00edt, n\u00ean con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ee7a Ta long lanh n\u1eb1m s\u00e2u th\u1eb3m trong l\u1ed7 con m\u1eaft, gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 \u00e1nh n\u01b0\u1edbc long lanh n\u1eb1m s\u00e2u th\u1ea9m trong m\u1ed9t gi\u1ebfng n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u00e2m s\u00e2u. V\u00ec Ta \u0103n qu\u00e1 \u00edt, da \u0111\u1ea7u Ta tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh nh\u0103n nhiu kh\u00f4 c\u1eb1n nh\u01b0 tr\u00e1i b\u00ed \u0111\u1eafng m\u00e0u tr\u1eafng, c\u1eaft tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ch\u00edn, b\u1ecb c\u01a1n gi\u00f3 n\u00f3ng l\u00e0m cho nh\u0103n nh\u00edu kh\u00f4 c\u1eb1n”.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

“N\u00e0y Sariputta, n\u1ebfu Ta ngh\u0129: “Ta h\u00e3y r\u1edd da b\u1ee5ng”, ch\u00ednh x\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u00f4ng b\u1ecb Ta n\u1eafm l\u1ea5y. N\u1ebfu Ta ngh\u0129: “Ta h\u00e3y r\u1edd x\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u1ed1ng; ch\u00ednh da b\u1ee5ng b\u1ecb Ta n\u1eafm l\u1ea5y v\u00ec ta \u0103n qu\u00e1 \u00edt “. N\u00e0y Sariputa, n\u1ebfu Ta mu\u1ed1n xoa d\u1ecbu th\u00e2n ta, l\u1ea5y tay xoa b\u00f3p ch\u00e2n tay, th\u1eddi n\u00e0y Sariputta trong khi Ta l\u1ea5y tay xoa b\u00f3p ch\u00e2n tay, c\u00e1c l\u00f4ng t\u00f3c h\u01b0 m\u1ee5c r\u1ee5g kh\u1ecfi th\u00e2n Ta, v\u00ec ta \u0103n qu\u00e1 \u00edt”. \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ef1 m\u00ecn h\u00e0nh tri kh\u1ed5 h\u1ea1nh, v\u00e0 sau s\u00e1u n\u0103m h\u00e0nh tr\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3, Ng\u00e0i c\u01b0\u01a1ng quy\u1ebft t\u1eeb b\u1ecf kh\u1ed5 h\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh thi\u1ec1n nh\u01b0 \u0111o\u1ea1n kinh sau n\u00e0y n\u00eau r\u00f5:<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

“N\u00e0y Aggivessana, r\u1ed3i Ta suy ngh\u0129 nh\u01b0 sau: “Th\u01b0\u1edf x\u01b0a c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng Sa m\u00f4n, B\u00e0 la m\u00f4n, v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng Sa m\u00f4n, B\u00e0 la m\u00f4n; v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng Sa m\u00f4n, B\u00e0 la m\u00f4n th\u00ecnh l\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m th\u1ecd nh\u1eefng c\u1ea3m th\u1ecd, nh\u1eefng c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c ch\u00f3i \u0111au, kh\u1ed5 \u0111au, kh\u1ed1c li\u1ec7t. Nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 \u0111au kh\u1ed5 n\u00e0y l\u00e0 t\u1ed1i th\u01b0\u1ee3ng, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 g\u00ec h\u01a1n n\u1eefa, v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1p th\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u00e2n, tr\u00ed ki\u1ebfn th\u00f9 th\u1eafng, x\u01b0ng \u0111\u00e1ng b\u1eadc Th\u00e1nh. Hay c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea1o l\u1ed9 n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c h\u01a1n \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9?”.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

“N\u00e0y Aggivessana, r\u1ed3i Ta suy ngh\u0129 nh\u01b0 sau: Ta bi\u1ebft trong khi ph\u1ee5 th\u00e2n Ta thu\u1ed9c gi\u00f2ng Sakka \u0111ang c\u00e0y, v\u00e0 Ta \u0111ang ng\u1ed3i d\u01b0\u1edbi b\u00f3ng m\u00e1t c\u00e2y Di\u00eam ph\u00f9 \u0111\u1ec1. Ta ly d\u1ee5c, ly b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p, ch\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 tr\u00fa thi\u1ec1n th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t, m\u1ed9t tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i h\u1ef7 l\u1ea1c do ly d\u1ee5c sanh, c\u00f3 t\u1ea7m c\u00f3 t\u1ee9. Khi an tr\u00fa nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, Ta ngh\u0129: “\u0110\u1ea1o l\u1ed9 n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 ch\u0103ng? V\u00e0 n\u00e0y Aggivessana, ti\u1ebfp theo \u00fd ni\u1ec7m \u1ea5y, \u00fd th\u1ee9c n\u00e0y kh\u1edfi l\u00ean n\u01a1i Ta. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1o l\u1ed9 \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn Gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9” (Trung b\u1ed9 I, trang 240b). T\u1eeb n\u01a1i kinh nghi\u1ec7m b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n n\u00e0y, \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta t\u1eeb b\u1ecf kh\u1ed5 h\u1ea1nh, h\u00e0nh tr\u00ec thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh, ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u01a1 thi\u1ec1n, thi\u1ec1n th\u1ee9 hai, thi\u1ec1n th\u1ee9 ba, thi\u1ec1n th\u1ee9 t\u01b0, ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00fac m\u1ea1ng minh, thi\u00ean nh\u00e3n minh v\u00e0 “v\u1edbi t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ec9nh, thu\u1ea7n t\u1ecbnh, trong s\u00e1ng, kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea5u nhi\u1ec5m, kh\u00f4ng phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o, nh\u01b0 nhuy\u1ec5n, d\u1ec5 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng, v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc, b\u00ecnh t\u0129nh nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, Ta h\u01b0\u1edbng T\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00e2u t\u1eadn tr\u00ed. Ta bi\u1ebft nh\u01b0 th\u1eadt: “\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 kh\u1ed5”, Ta bi\u1ebft nh\u01b0 th\u1eadt: “\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 kh\u1ed5 t\u1eadp”. Ta bi\u1ebft nh\u01b0 th\u1eadt: “\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 kh\u1ed5 di\u1ec7t”. Ta bi\u1ebft nh\u01b0 th\u1eadt: “\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u1ed5 di\u1ec7t”. Ta bi\u1ebft nh\u01b0 th\u1eadt: “\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e1c l\u1eadu ho\u1eb7c”, Ta bi\u1ebft nh\u01b0 th\u1eadt: “\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 l\u00e2u ho\u1eb7c t\u1eadp kh\u1edfi”. Ta bi\u1ebft nh\u01b0 th\u1eadt: “\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 l\u00e2u ho\u1eb7c di\u1ec7t”. Ta bi\u1ebft nh\u01b0 th\u1eadt: “\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00e2u ho\u1eb7c di\u1ec7t”. Nh\u1edd hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a Ta tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi d\u1ee5c l\u1eadu, tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi h\u1eefu l\u1eadu, tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi v\u00f4 minh l\u1eadu. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u1ef1 t\u00e2m \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, kh\u1edfi l\u00ean s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft: “Ta \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t”. Ta \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft: “Sanh \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eadn, Ph\u1ea1m h\u1ea1nh \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e0nh, nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec7c n\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i n\u00e0y n\u1eefa” (Trung b\u1ed9 I, 248a-248).<\/em><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi kinh nghi\u1ec7m b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n, t\u1eeb b\u1ecf kh\u1ed5 h\u1ea1nh, tu t\u1eadp thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh, ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7, b\u1eadc \u0110\u1ea1o s\u01b0 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u ch\u00e1nh \u0111\u1eb3ng ch\u00e1nh gi\u00e1c v\u00e0 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sau khi th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea1o, \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt ch\u00fang ta lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n \u0111i ho\u1eb1ng h\u00f3a, thuy\u1ebft ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ed9 sanh. Tuy v\u1eady, Ng\u00e0i v\u1eabn b\u1ecb xuy\u00ean t\u1ea1c hi\u1ec3u l\u1ea7m. V\u00e0 Sunakkhatta \u0111\u00e3 hi\u1ec3u l\u1ea7m v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta nh\u01b0 sau: “Sa m\u00f4n Gotama kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ph\u00e1p th\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u00e2n, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 tr\u00ec ki\u1ebfn th\u00f9 th\u1eafng, x\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e1ng b\u1eadc Th\u00e1nh, Sa m\u00f4n Gotama thuy\u1ebft ph\u00e1p, ph\u00e1p \u1ea5y t\u1ef1 m\u00ecnh t\u1ea1o ra, do suy lu\u1eadn t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh, t\u00f9y thu\u1eadn tr\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 thuy\u1ebft cho m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng h\u01b0\u1edbng th\u01b0\u1ee3ng, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh di\u1ec7t t\u1eadn kh\u1ed5 \u0111au’ (Trung b\u1ed9 I trang 69).<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt v\u1edbi nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c s\u00e1ng su\u1ed1t c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i, ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn ph\u1ea7n hai c\u1ee7a l\u1eddi ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a Sunakkhatta l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1eafn, v\u00ec ph\u00e1p Ph\u1eadt d\u1ea1y, kh\u00f4ng do ai d\u1ea1y Ng\u00e0i, ch\u1ec9 do t\u1ef1 b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n tu t\u1eadp, ch\u00ednh do t\u1ef1 suy lu\u1eadn, ch\u00ednh do t\u00f9y thu\u1eadn tr\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng l\u00ean, v\u00e0 ph\u00e1p \u1ea5y d\u1ea1y cho m\u1ed9t m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u1eeb kh\u1ed5 \u0111au c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang sanh, v\u00e0 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng h\u01b0\u1edbng th\u01b0\u1ee3ng gi\u00fap ch\u00fang sanh \u0111o\u1ea1n t\u1eadn tham s\u00e2n si, ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t kh\u1ed5 \u0111au.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nh\u01b0ng \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u l\u1eddi ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a Sunakkhatta khi Sunakkhatta n\u00f3i Ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ph\u00e1p th\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u00e2n, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 tr\u00ec ki\u1ebfn th\u00f9 th\u1eafng x\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e1ng b\u1eadc Th\u00e1nh. \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y, \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt m\u1edbi r\u1ed1ng, ti\u1ebfng r\u1ed1ng con s\u01b0 t\u1eed, x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 4 ph\u00e1p truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng. Ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 v\u1ecb c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 10 danh hi\u1ec7u l\u00e0 Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n, b\u1eadc A la h\u00e1n, ch\u00e1nh \u0111\u1eb3ng gi\u00e1c, minh h\u1ea1nh t\u00fac, thi\u1ec7n th\u1ec7, hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft th\u1ebf gian, b\u1eadc v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1ee3ng, \u0111i\u1ec1u ng\u1ef1 nh\u1eefng ai \u0111\u00e1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u ng\u1ef1, b\u1eadc Th\u1ea7y ch\u01b0 Thi\u00ean v\u00e0 lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi, Ph\u1eadt, Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n. V\u00e0 Ng\u00e0i ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea7n t\u00fac th\u00f4ng, thi\u00ean nh\u0129 th\u00f4ng v\u00e0 tha t\u00e2m th\u00f4ng:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Nh\u01b0 Lai l\u00e0 v\u1ecb c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u01b0\u1eddi Nh\u01b0 Lai l\u1ef1c, c\u00f3 b\u1ed1n v\u00f4 s\u1edf \u00fay. Nh\u01b0 Lai nh\u01b0 th\u1eadt bi\u1ebft s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n c\u00f3 x\u1ea3y ra l\u00e0 c\u00f3 x\u1ea3y ra, s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n kh\u00f4ng x\u1ea3y ra l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng x\u1ea3y ra. Nh\u01b0 Lai nh\u01b0 th\u1eadt bi\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 b\u00e1o tu\u1ef3 thu\u1ed9c s\u1edf do, tu\u1ef3 thu\u1ed9c s\u1edf nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c h\u1ea1nh nghi\u1ec7p qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9, v\u1ecb lai, hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i. Nh\u01b0 Lai nh\u01b0 th\u1eadt bi\u1ebft con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi. Nh\u01b0 Lai nh\u01b0 th\u1eadt bi\u1ebft th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u ch\u1ee7ng lo\u1ea1i sai bi\u1ec7t. Nh\u01b0 Lai nh\u01b0 th\u1eadt bi\u1ebft ch\u00ed h\u01b0\u1edbng sai bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t lo\u00e0i h\u1eefu t\u00ecnh. Nh\u01b0 Lai nh\u01b0 th\u1eadt bi\u1ebft c\u00e1c c\u0103n th\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u1ea1 c\u1ee7a lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi, c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i h\u1eefu t\u00ecnh; Nh\u01b0 Lai nh\u01b0 th\u1eadt bi\u1ebft s\u1ef1 t\u1eadp nhi\u1ec5m, s\u1ef1 thanh t\u1ecbnh, s\u1ef1 xu\u1ea5t kh\u1edfi c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c thi\u1ec1n ch\u1ee9ng v\u1ec1 thi\u1ec1n v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t, v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ecbnh. Nh\u01b0 Lai nh\u1edb \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9; v\u1edbi thi\u00ean nh\u00e3n thu\u1ea7n t\u1ecbnh si\u00eau nh\u00e2n, th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ch\u1ebft c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang sanh Nh\u01b0 Lai nh\u1edd \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u1eeb c\u00e1c l\u1eadu ho\u1eb7c t\u1ef1 m\u00ecnh ch\u1ee9ng tr\u00ed, ch\u1ee9ng ng\u1ed9, th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u v\u00e0 an tr\u00fa ngay trong hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i, v\u00f4 l\u1eadu t\u00e2m gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t, tu\u1ec7 t\u00e2m gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t. Ch\u00ednh nh\u1edd m\u01b0\u1eddi Nh\u01b0 Lai l\u1ef1c n\u00e0y, Nh\u01b0 Lai t\u1ef1 nh\u1eadn cho m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb ng\u01b0u v\u01b0\u01a1ng, r\u1ed1ng l\u00ean ti\u1ebfng r\u1ed1ng con s\u01b0 trong c\u00e1c h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n ph\u00e1p lu\u00e2n (Trung b\u1ed9 III, trang 70A- 71A).<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nh\u01b0 Lai c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ed1n v\u00f4 s\u1edf u\u00fd, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 b\u1ed1n \u0111i\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i, ch\u00ednh nh\u1edd th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u b\u1ed1n ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y. Nh\u01b0 Lai t\u1ef1 nh\u1eadn cho m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb ng\u01b0u v\u01b0\u01a1ng, r\u1ed1ng ti\u1ebfng r\u1ed1ng con s\u01b0 t\u1eed trong h\u1ed9i ch\u00fang v\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n ph\u00e1p lu\u00e2n: “Th\u1ebf n\u00e0o l\u00e0 b\u1ed1n? N\u00e0y Sariputta, Ta th\u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 l\u00fd do g\u00ec, m\u1ed9t Sa m\u00f4n, B\u00e0 la m\u00f4n, ch\u01b0 Thi\u00ean, Ma v\u01b0ong, Ph\u1ea1m Thi\u00ean hay m\u1ed9t ai \u1edf \u0111\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 tr\u00edch Ta \u0111\u00fang ph\u00e1p r\u1eb1ng: “C\u00e1c ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee9ng ng\u1ed9 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n m\u00e0 Ng\u00e0i t\u1ef1 x\u01b0ng l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng ng\u1ed9 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n.” N\u00e0y Sariputta, v\u00ec Ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 l\u00fd do g\u00ec nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, n\u00ean Ta s\u1ed1ng, \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c an \u1ed5n, \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00f4ng s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i, \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00f4 u\u00fd. N\u00e0y Sariputta, Ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 l\u00fd do g\u00ec, m\u1ed9t Sa m\u00f4n, B\u00e0 la m\u00f4n, ch\u01b0 Thi\u00ean, Ma v\u01b0\u01a1ng, Ph\u1ea1m Thi\u00ean hay m\u1ed9t ai \u1edf \u0111\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 tr\u00edch Ta \u0111\u00fang ph\u00e1p r\u1eb1ng: “C\u00e1c l\u1eadu ho\u1eb7c n\u00e0y ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u1eeb m\u00e0 Ng\u00e0i t\u1ef1 x\u01b0ng \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u1eeb…”. Nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Ng\u00e0i g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u1edbng ng\u1ea1i ph\u00e1p, khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh th\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec l\u00e0 ch\u01b0\u1edbng ng\u1ea1i ph\u00e1p c\u1ea3… N\u00e0y Sariputta, Ta th\u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 l\u00fd do g\u00ec m\u1ed9t Sa m\u00f4n, B\u00e0 la m\u00f4n, Ch\u01b0 Thi\u00ean, Ma v\u01b0\u01a1ng, Ph\u1ea1m Thi\u00ean hay m\u1ed9t ai \u1edf \u0111\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 tr\u00edch Ta \u0111\u00fang ph\u00e1p r\u1eb1ng: “Ph\u00e1p do Ng\u00e0i thuy\u1ebft gi\u1ea3ng, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng h\u01b0\u1edbng th\u01b0\u1ee3ng, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ebfn di\u1ec7t t\u1eadn kh\u1ed5 \u0111au”. N\u00e0y Sariputta, v\u00ec Ta th\u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 l\u00fd do g\u00ec nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, n\u00ean Ta s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c an \u1ed5n, \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00f4ng s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i, \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00f4 u\u00fd (Trung b\u1ed9 I, trang 71 B).<\/em><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, v\u1edbi 4 ph\u00e1p truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng, v\u1edbi 10 Nh\u01b0 Lai l\u1ef1c, v\u1edbi 4 v\u00f4 s\u1edf \u00fay, \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta x\u00e1c ch\u1ee9ng Ng\u00e0i c\u00f3 ph\u00e1p th\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u00e2n, c\u00f3 tri ki\u1ebfn th\u00f9 th\u1eafng c\u1ee7a b\u1eadc Th\u00e1nh, x\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e1ng v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb Ng\u01b0u v\u01b0\u01a1ng, r\u1ed1ng ti\u1ebfng r\u1ed1ng con s\u01b0 t\u1eed trong c\u00e1c h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n ph\u00e1p lu\u00e2n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta s\u1edf d\u0129 chi\u1ebfm m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb \u01b0u th\u1ebf so s\u00e1nh v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ngo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1eddi l\u00e0 v\u00ec Ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 v\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i ch\u00fangta m\u1ed9t truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng k\u1ebf th\u1eeba r\u1ea5t \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ngo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ed5 x\u01b0a, v\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng \u1ea5y m\u00e3i cho \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y nay, sau h\u01a1n 2.500 n\u0103m c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi n\u00e0y, v\u1eabn c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng, ti\u1ebfp n\u1ed1i v\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n th\u1eeba.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kinh Makh\u00e0deva 83, Trung b\u1ed9 kinh II trang 75 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a vua Makhadeva, v\u1ecb vua n\u00e0y khi s\u1ee3i t\u00f3c b\u1ea1c \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean hi\u1ec7n ra tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i, li\u1ec1n giao ng\u00f4i b\u00e1u cho ho\u00e0ng t\u1eed, t\u1ef1 m\u00ecnh xu\u1ea5t gia tu \u0111\u1ea1o. Vua Makhedeva l\u1ea1i d\u1eb7n ho\u00e0ng t\u1eed l\u00ean ng\u00f4i tr\u1ecb v\u00ec cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi s\u1ee3i t\u00f3c b\u1ea1c \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean m\u1ecdc l\u00ean th\u1eddi li\u1ec1n trao ng\u00f4i b\u00e1u cho ho\u00e0ng t\u1eed c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, c\u00f2n m\u00ecnh th\u1eddi xu\u1ea5t gia tu \u0111\u1ea1o. Vua Makhedeva l\u1ea1i d\u1eb7n h\u00e0ng t\u1eed l\u00ean ng\u00f4i tr\u00ec v\u00ec cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi s\u1ee3i t\u00f3c b\u1ea1c \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean m\u1ecdc l\u00ean th\u1eddi li\u1ec1n trao ng\u00f4i b\u00e1u cho ho\u00e0ng t\u1eedi c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, c\u00f2n m\u00ecnh th\u1eddi xu\u1ea5t gia tu \u0111\u1ea1o. Vua Makhedeva d\u1eb7n d\u00f2 ph\u1ea3i gi\u1eef g\u00ecn truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y \u0111\u1eebng cho gi\u00e1n \u0111o\u1ea1n. Tuy v\u1eady, truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a vua Makhadeva \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec1n cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi vua Nemi l\u00e0 v\u1ecb vua cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng g\u00ecn gi\u1eef truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y, con c\u1ee7a vua Nemi l\u00e0 Kal\u00e0rajanaka l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y, kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ecbu xu\u1ea5t gia khi s\u1ee3i t\u00f3c \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean m\u1ecdc tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 do v\u1eady truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a Makh\u00e0deva b\u1ecb ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nh\u01b0ng truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta l\u1ea1i kh\u00e1c. Ch\u00ednh \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn nh\u01b0 sau trong Trung b\u1ed9 I trang 82A:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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“N\u00e0y Ananda, truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng \u1ea5y c\u1ee7a Makh\u00e0deva kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn y\u1ebfm ly, ly tham, \u0111o\u1ea1n di\u1ec7t, t\u1ecbch t\u1ecbnh, th\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u00ed, gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9, Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n. V\u00e0 n\u00e0y Ananda, th\u1ebf n\u00e0o l\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Ta thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp v\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng \u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn y\u1ec3m ly ly tham, \u0111o\u1ea1n di\u1ec7t, t\u1ecbch t\u1ecbnh, th\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u00ed, gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9, Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n? Ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 Th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea1o t\u00e1m Ng\u00e0nh n\u00e0y, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 ch\u00e1nh tri ki\u1ebfn, ch\u00e1nh t\u01b0 duy, ch\u00e1nh ng\u1eef, ch\u00e1nh nghi\u1ec7p, ch\u00e1nh m\u1ea1ng, ch\u00e1nh tinh t\u1ea5n, ch\u00e1nh ni\u1ec7m, ch\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ecbnh. N\u00e0y Ananda, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Ta thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp, v\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng \u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn y\u1ec3m ly, ly tham, \u0111o\u1ea1n di\u1ec7t, t\u1ecbch t\u1ecbnh, th\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u00ed, gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9, Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n. N\u00e0y Ananda, v\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y, Ta n\u00f3i nh\u01b0 sau: “Truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p n\u00e0y do Ta thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp, h\u00e3y ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c duy tr\u00ec. C\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1edb c\u00f3 th\u00e0nh t\u1ed1i h\u1eadu sau Ta”. N\u00e0y Anada, khi hai ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f2n t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i, v\u00e0 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 d\u1ee9t \u0111o\u1ea1n, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ed1i h\u1eadu v\u1eady. N\u00e0y Ananda, Ta n\u00f3i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi: “Truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p n\u00e0y do Ta thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp, c\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u00e3y ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c duy tr\u00ec, C\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1edb c\u00f3 th\u00e0nh ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ed1i h\u1eadu sau ta” (Trung b\u1ed9 II, 82 A).<\/em><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady qu\u00ed v\u1ecb \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5y truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea th\u1eeba m\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i cho ch\u00fang ta, ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c th\u1eeba k\u1ebf tr\u1ea3i h\u01a1n 2.500 n\u0103m l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, v\u00e0 cho \u0111\u1ebfn nay, truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng k\u1ebf th\u1eeba \u1ea5y v\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u1ec3 t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u h\u01a1n n\u1eefa v\u1ec1 b\u1eadc \u0110\u1ea1o s\u01b0 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta, ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u00fd th\u1ee9c r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt l\u00e0 ai, \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ef1 m\u00ecnh di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 m\u00ecnh nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ngo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ec1 cao nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o? Nh\u1eefng t\u01b0 li\u1ec7u \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd gi\u00fap ch\u00fang ta hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c h\u01a1n v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p m\u00e0 b\u1eadc \u0110\u1ea1o s\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111em l\u1ea1i cho nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i v\u00e0 cho Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1eafc m\u1eafc trong qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 trong hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i, l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt l\u00e0 ai? Ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 thi\u00ean th\u1ea7n ch\u0103ng? Thi\u00ean nh\u00e2n ch\u0103ng? Ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u01b0 ch\u00fang ta ch\u0103ng? Kinh T\u0103ng Chi t\u1eadp II A trang 51 ghi ch\u00e9p nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

“B\u00e0 la m\u00f4n Dona th\u1ea5y d\u1ea5u ch\u00e2n \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt c\u00f3 d\u1ea5u b\u00e1nh xe (Ph\u00e1p Lu\u00e2n) v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 chi ti\u1ebft, khi \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111i tr\u00ean con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng gi\u1eefa Ukkttha v\u00e0 Setabbya, li\u1ec1n suy ngh\u0129 \u0111\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 d\u1ea5u ch\u00e2n c\u1ee7a lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi, n\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn g\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt v\u00e0 h\u1ecfi: “C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i Ng\u00e0i s\u1ebd l\u00e0 v\u1ecb Ti\u00ean, Ng\u00e0i s\u1ebd l\u00e0 C\u00e0n th\u00e1t b\u00e0, Ng\u00e0i s\u1ebd l\u00e0 D\u1ea1 Xoa, Ng\u00e0i s\u1ebd l\u00e0 lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi?” V\u1edbi b\u1ed1n c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi n\u00e0y, \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt tu\u1ea7n t\u1ef1 tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi: “Ta s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 Ti\u00ean, Ta s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 C\u00e0n th\u00e1t b\u00e0, Ta s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 D\u1ea1 Xoa, Ta s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi?<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi l\u00e0m cho B\u00e0 la m\u00f4n Dona ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean v\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta c\u0169ng d\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u, v\u00ec n\u1ebfu \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi: “Ta s\u1ebd l\u00e0 ch\u01b0 Thi\u00ean… hay Ta s\u1ebd l\u00e0 lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi”, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt c\u00f2n ph\u1ea3i t\u00e1i sinh, c\u00f2n ph\u1ea3i sinh t\u1eed lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i. Cho n\u00ean \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt m\u1edbi tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi: “Ta s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 Ch\u01b0 Thi\u00ean, Ta s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0 C\u00e0n th\u00e1t b\u00e0, Ta s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 D\u1ea1 xoa, Ta s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 Ng\u01b0\u1eddi”. Nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi \u00e2y \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m cho B\u00e0 la m\u00f4n Dona ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean khi\u1ebfn ph\u1ea3i h\u1ecfi ti\u1ebfp: “V\u1eady s\u1edf hanh c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 g\u00ec? V\u00e0 t\u00f4n gi\u1ea3 s\u1ebd l\u00e0 g\u00ec?”. C\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi ti\u1ebfp c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt r\u1ea5t l\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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“N\u00e0y B\u00e0 la m\u00f4n, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u01b0a \u0111o\u1ea1n t\u1eadn c\u00e1c l\u1eadu ho\u1eb7c, Ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 Ch\u01b0 Thi\u00ean v\u1edbi c\u00e1c l\u1eadu ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u00e3 \u0111o\u1ea1n t\u1eadn, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ee9t t\u1eeb g\u1ed1c r\u1ec5, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m th\u00e0nh nh\u01b0 c\u00e2y Ta-la, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m cho kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m cho kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 sanh kh\u1edfi trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai. N\u00e0y B\u00e0 la m\u00f4n, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u01b0a \u0111o\u1ea1n t\u1eadn c\u00e1c l\u1eadu ho\u1eb7c, Ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 C\u00e0n th\u00e1t b\u00e0, Ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 D\u1ea1 Xoa, Ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi, v\u1edbi c\u00e1c l\u1eadu ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u00e3 \u0111o\u1ea1n t\u1eadn, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ee9t t\u1eeb g\u1ed1c r\u1ec5, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m th\u00e0nh nh\u01b0 c\u00e2y Ta la, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m cho kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m cho kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 sanh kh\u1edfi trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai…”.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c ch\u00fang sanh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ch\u00fang sanh l\u00e0 ch\u01b0 Thi\u00ean ch\u01b0a \u0111o\u1ea1n t\u1eadn c\u00e1c l\u1eadu ho\u1eb7c, \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 ch\u01b0 Thi\u00ean nh\u01b0ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c l\u1eadu ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u00e3 \u0111o\u1ea1n t\u1eadn, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n sanh t\u1eed lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u00fang ta ch\u01b0a \u0111o\u1ea1n t\u1eadn c\u00e1c l\u1eadu ho\u1eb7c, \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi, nh\u01b0ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ecdan t\u1eadn c\u00e1c l\u1eadu ho\u1eb7c. N\u00f3i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, d\u1ea7u thu\u1ed9c lo\u1ea1i ch\u00fang sanh h\u1eefu t\u00ecnh n\u00e0o \u0111ang c\u00f2n c\u00f3 l\u1eadu ho\u1eb7c, \u0111ang c\u00f2n sanh t\u1eed lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i, \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 ch\u00fang sanh \u1ea5y, nh\u01b0ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c l\u1eadu ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u00e3 \u0111o\u1ea1n t\u1eadn. Ch\u00fang ta l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi, \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ch\u00fang ta l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 sai kh\u00e1c: \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u00f2i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111o\u1ea1n t\u1eadn c\u00e1c l\u1eadu ho\u1eb7c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

R\u1ed3i \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt cho ch\u00fang ta m\u1ed9t th\u00ed d\u1ee5 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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“V\u00ed nh\u01b0, n\u00e0y B\u00e0 la m\u00f4n, b\u00f4n sen xanh, b\u00f4ng sen h\u1ed3ng hay b\u00f4ng sen tr\u1eafng sanh ra trong n\u01b0\u1edbc, l\u1edbn l\u00ean trong n\u01b0\u1edbc, v\u01b0\u01a1n l\u00ean kh\u1ecfi n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee9ng th\u1eb3ng, kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb th\u1ea5m \u01b0\u1edbt. C\u0169ng v\u1eady, B\u00e0 la m\u00f4n, sanh ra trong \u0111\u1eddi, l\u1edbn l\u00ean trong \u0111\u1eddi, Ta s\u1ed1ng chinh ph\u1ee5c \u0111\u1eddi, kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb \u0111\u1eddi th\u1ea5m \u01b0\u1edbt. N\u00e0y B\u00e0 la m\u00f4n, Ta l\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt, h\u00e3y nh\u01b0 v\u1eady th\u1ecd tr\u00ec…”.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

Sau \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u1eddi t\u00e1n th\u00e1n hay \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a v\u1ec1 b\u1eadc \u0110\u1ea1o S\u01b0 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta, nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00ednh \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt x\u00e1c ch\u1ee9ng:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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“N\u00e0y Sariputta, nh\u1eefng ai n\u00f3i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ch\u01a1n ch\u00e1nh v\u1ec1 Ta, s\u1ebd n\u00f3i nh\u01b0 sau: “M\u1ed9t v\u1ecb h\u1eefu t\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb ai chi ph\u1ed1i, \u0111\u00e3 sanh ra \u1edf \u0111\u1eddi, v\u00ec l\u1ee3i \u00edch, v\u00ec h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang sanh, v\u00ec l\u00f2ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u01b0\u1edfng cho \u0111\u1eddi, v\u00ec l\u1ee3i \u00edch, v\u00ec h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac, v\u00ec an l\u1ea1c cho Ch\u01b0 Thi\u00ean v\u00e0 lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi” (Trung b\u1ed9 I, 83). Ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00e0 l\u1eddi v\u1ecb \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng qu\u1ea3 A la h\u00e1n n\u00f3i l\u00ean l\u1eddi t\u00e1n th\u00e1n b\u1eadc \u0111\u1ea1o s\u01b0 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh: “Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 Ng\u00e0i thuy\u1ebft ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9. Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ph\u1ee5c, Ng\u00e0i thuy\u1ebft ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ph\u1ee5c. Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ecbch t\u1ecbnh, Ng\u00e0i thuy\u1ebft ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua. Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n, Ng\u00e0i thuy\u1ebft ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9ng Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n…” (Trung b\u1ed9 I, trang 237).<\/em><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

Sau \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 l\u1eddi t\u00e1n th\u00e1n c\u1ee7a T\u00f4n gi\u1ea3 Ud\u00e2yi \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi b\u1eadc \u0110\u1ea1o S\u01b0 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh: “Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 l\u00e0 v\u1ecb \u0111\u00e3 \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u1eeb nhi\u1ec1u kh\u1ed5 ph\u00e1p cho ch\u00fang ta. Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 l\u00e0 v\u1ecb \u0111\u00e3 mang l\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea1c ph\u00e1p cho ch\u00fang ta. Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 l\u00e0 v\u1ecb \u0111\u00e3 \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u1eeb nhi\u1ec1u b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p cho ch\u00fang ta. Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 l\u00e0 v\u1ecb \u0111\u00e3 mang l\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u thi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p cho ch\u00fang ta” (Trung b\u1ed9 I, trang 448).<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kinh T\u0103ng chi I, trang 28, x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn s\u1ef1 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a b\u1eadc \u0110\u1ea1o S\u01b0 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n \u0111em l\u1ea1i h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac cho \u0111a s\u1ed1:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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“M\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi, n\u00e0y c\u00e1c T\u1ef3 kheo khi xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n \u1edf \u0111\u1eddi, s\u1ef1 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n \u0111em l\u1ea1i h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac cho \u0111a s\u1ed1, an l\u1ea1c cho \u0111a s\u1ed1, v\u00ec l\u00f2ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u01b0\u1edfng cho \u0111\u1eddi, v\u00ec l\u1ee3i \u00edch, v\u00ec h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac, v\u00ec an l\u1ea1c cho ch\u01b0 Thi\u00ean, v\u00e0 lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi. M\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y l\u00e0 ai? Ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n, b\u1eadc A la h\u00e1n. Ch\u00e1nh \u0111\u1eb3ng gi\u00e1c. Ch\u00ednh m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y, n\u00e0y c\u00e1c T\u1ef3 kheo, khi xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n \u1edf \u0111\u1eddi, s\u1ef1 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n \u0111em l\u1ea1i h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac cho \u0111a s\u1ed1, an l\u1ea1c cho \u0111a s\u1ed1, v\u00ec l\u00f2ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u01b0\u1edfng cho \u0111\u1eddi, v\u00ec l\u1ee3i \u00edch, v\u00ec h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac, v\u00ec an l\u1ea1c cho ch\u01b0 Thi\u00ean v\u00e0 lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi”.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

“S\u1ef1 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi, n\u00e0y c\u00e1c T\u1ef3 kheo, kh\u00f3 g\u1eb7p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1edf \u0111\u1eddi. C\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o? C\u1ee7a Nh\u01b0 Lai, b\u1eadc A la h\u00e1n, Ch\u00e1nh \u0111\u1eb3ng gi\u00e1c. S\u1ef1 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n cu\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y, n\u00e0y c\u00e1c T\u1ef3 kheo, kh\u00f3 g\u1eb7p \u1edf \u0111\u1eddi”.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

“M\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y, n\u00e0y c\u00e1c T\u1ef3 kheo, khi xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n \u1edf \u0111\u1eddi, l\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi vi di\u1ec7n. M\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y l\u00e0 ai? Ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n, b\u1eadc A la h\u00e1n, Ch\u00e1ng \u0111\u1eb3ng gi\u00e1c . Ch\u00ednh m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y, n\u00e0y c\u00e1c T\u1ef3 kheo, khi xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n \u1edf \u0111\u1eddi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n vi di\u1ec7u”.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

“S\u1ef1 m\u1ec7nh chung c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi, n\u00e0y c\u00e1c T\u1ef3 kheo, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111a s\u1ed1 th\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ebfc. C\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o? C\u1ee7a Nh\u01b0 Lai, b\u1eadc A la h\u00e1n, Ch\u00e1nh \u0111\u1eb3ng gi\u00e1c. S\u1ef1 m\u1ec7nh chung c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y, n\u00e0y c\u00e1c T\u1ef3 kheo, \u0111\u01b0\u01a1c \u0111a s\u1ed1 th\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ebfc”<\/em><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

Trong khi c\u00e1c b\u1eadc \u0110\u1ea1o s\u01b0 kh\u00e1c, gi\u1edbi kh\u00f4ng thanh t\u1ecbnh, m\u1ea1ng s\u1ed1ng kh\u00f4ng thanh t\u1ecbnh, thuy\u1ebft ph\u00e1p kh\u00f4ng thanh t\u1ecbnh, tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi ph\u00e1p kh\u00f4ng thanh t\u1ecbnh, tri ki\u1ebfn kh\u00f4ng thanh t\u1ecbnh, th\u1eddi b\u1eadc \u0110\u1ea1o s\u01b0 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta th\u1eadt l\u00e0 tuy\u1ec7t di\u1ec7u v\u1ec1 c\u1ea3 5 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n n\u00e0y, nh\u01b0 T\u0103ng Chi II, quy\u1ec3n B mi\u00eau t\u1ea3:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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“N\u00e0y Mossall\u00e0na, Ta c\u00f3 gi\u1edbi thanh t\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 Ta t\u1ef1 r\u00f5 bi\u1ebft: “Gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a Ta thanh t\u1ecbnh, trong s\u00e1ng, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 u\u1ebf nhi\u1ec5m. C\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 che ch\u1edf Ta v\u1ec1 gi\u1edbi. M\u1ea1ng s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a Ta thanh t\u1ecbnh, Ta t\u1ef1 r\u00f5 bi\u1ebft. M\u1ea1ng s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a Ta thanh t\u1ecbnh trong s\u00e1ng, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 u\u1ebf nhi\u1ec5m, c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 che ch\u1edf Ta v\u1ec1 m\u1ea1ng s\u1ed1ng. Ta kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ch\u1edd \u0111\u1ee3i c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed che ch\u1edf Ta v\u1ec1 m\u1ea1ng s\u1ed1ng. Thuy\u1ebft ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a Ta thanh t\u1ecbnh, Ta t\u1ef1 r\u00f5 bi\u1ebft. Thuy\u1ebft ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a Ta thanh t\u1ecbnh trong s\u00e1ng, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 u\u1ebf nhi\u1ec5m. C\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 che ch\u1edf Ta v\u1ec1 thuy\u1ebft ph\u00e1p. Ta kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ch\u1edd \u0111\u1ee3i c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed che ch\u1edf Ta v\u1ec1 thuy\u1ebft ph\u00e1p. C\u00e1c c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi c\u1ee7a Ta thanh t\u1ecbnh, trong s\u00e1ng, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 u\u1ebf nhi\u1ec5m. C\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 che ch\u1edf Ta v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi. Ta kh\u00f4ng ch\u1edd \u0111\u1ee3i c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed che ch\u1edf Ta v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi. Tri ki\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a Ta thanh t\u1ecbnh, trong s\u00e1ng, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 u\u1ebf nhi\u1ec5m. C\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 che ch\u1edf Ta v\u1ec1 tri ki\u1ebfn. Ta kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ch\u1edd \u0111\u1ee3i c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed che ch\u1edf Ta v\u1ec1 tri ki\u1ebfn”.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nghe \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 \u01b0u \u00e1i c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i, m\u1ed9t l\u00f2ng \u01b0u \u00e1i nhi\u1ec7t t\u00ecnh ch\u01a1n ch\u00e1nh, lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh tr\u00ean con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t v\u00e0 gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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“N\u00e0y Ananda, nh\u1eefng g\u00ec v\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea1o s\u01b0 c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m, v\u00ec l\u00f2ng t\u1eeb m\u1eabn, m\u01b0u t\u00ecm h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac cho c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed, nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u1ea5y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Ta l\u00e0m, v\u00ec l\u00f2ng t\u1eeb m\u1eabn c\u1ee7a Ta \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y, n\u00e0y Ananda, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng g\u1ed1c c\u00e2y, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng kho\u1ea3ng tr\u1ed1ng. H\u00e3y tu thi\u1ec1n, n\u00e0y Ananda, ch\u1edb c\u00f3 ph\u00f3ng d\u1eadt, ch\u1edb c\u00f3 h\u1ed1i h\u1eadn v\u1ec1 sau. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 l\u1eddi d\u1ea1y c\u1ee7a Ta cho c\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u1eddi”.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

N\u00f3i t\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u v\u00e0 lu\u1eadn b\u00e0n v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta, th\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t, l\u00e0m sao ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i l\u00ean \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 th\u00e2n th\u1ebf s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a v\u1ecb B\u1ed5n s\u01b0 ch\u00fang ta, n\u00f3i l\u00ean v\u1ec1 t\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ee9c, gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1ee9c, uy \u0111\u1ee9c, tr\u00ed \u0111\u1ee9c v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i cho n\u00ean t\u00f4i xin k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn b\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i h\u00f4m nay v\u1edbi hai nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t m\u00e0 ch\u00fang t\u00f4i xem l\u00e0 \u01b0u vi\u1ec7t, trong s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p ho\u1eb1ng ph\u00e1p d\u1ed9 sanh cu\u1ea3 \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt ch\u00fang ta.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft, \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta, d\u1ea7u cho c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea7n t\u00fac th\u00f4ng, tha t\u00e2m th\u00f4ng, thi\u00ean nh\u0129 th\u00f4ng, \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng d\u00f9ng th\u1ea7n th\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00e1o h\u00f3a ch\u00fang sanh. Ng\u00e0i l\u1ef1a ph\u00e1p m\u00f4n gi\u00e1o h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ec3 h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00fang sanh. N\u00f3i cho \u0111\u00fang h\u01a1n, Ng\u00e0i d\u00f9ng th\u1ea7n th\u00f4ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c d\u00e8 d\u1eb7t, t\u1ebf nh\u1ecb, v\u1ec1 h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c k\u00edn \u0111\u00e1o.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trong su\u1ed1t 45 n\u0103m thuy\u1ebft ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 nh\u01b0 ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 ngang qua c\u00e1c b\u00e0i kinh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i, Ng\u00e0i \u0111i b\u1ed9 t\u1eeb l\u00e0ng n\u00e0y qua l\u00e0ng kh\u00e1c, t\u1eeb th\u1ecb tr\u1ea5n n\u00e0y qua th\u1ecb tr\u1ea5n kh\u00e1c, \u0111i v\u00e0o nh\u00e0, \u0111i v\u00e0o gi\u1ea3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng, \u0111i v\u00e0o h\u1ed9i ch\u00fang, v\u1edbi uy nghi b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t b\u1eadc \u0110\u1ea1o s\u01b0 \u0111i truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea1o v\u00e0 \u0111i gi\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ea1o. Ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng d\u00f9ng th\u1ea7n th\u00f4ng, ph\u00e9p l\u1ea1 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m hoa m\u1eaft, \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m cho\u00e1ng v\u00e1ng nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi Ng\u00e0i, Ng\u00e0i ch\u1ec9 d\u00f9ng l\u1eddi n\u00f3i t\u1eeb h\u00f2a khi\u00eam t\u1ed1n, thuy\u1ebft ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ed9 sinh; Ng\u00e0i ch\u1ec9 d\u00f9ng th\u00e2n gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 kh\u1ea9u gi\u00e1o \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00e1o h\u00f3a ch\u00fang sanh. C\u1eed ch\u1ec9, h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i khi\u00eam t\u1ed1n v\u00e0 t\u1ebf nh\u1ecb \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ed7i Pukkasati, m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i, g\u1eb7p Ng\u00e0i m\u00e0 v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft Ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt. Ng\u00e0i t\u1ebf nh\u1ecb v\u00e0 khi\u00eam t\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u1eef v\u01b0\u1eddn cho ba v\u1ecb t\u00f4n gi\u1ea3 Anuruddha, Kimbila v\u00e0 Ananda kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt, \u0111\u00e3 ng\u0103n c\u1ea3n Ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng cho v\u00e0o th\u0103m ba v\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ch\u00ednh th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 h\u00f3a th\u1ea7n th\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00e1o h\u00f3a ch\u00fang sanh \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb t\u00e2m l\u00fd ho\u1eb1ng ph\u00e1p m\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 ho\u1eb1ng h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ed9 sanh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u01afu \u0111i\u1ec3m th\u1ee9 hai trong s\u1ee9 m\u1ec7nh ho\u1eb1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ed9 sanh c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt ch\u00fang ta l\u00e0 Ng\u00e0i lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n gi\u1eef \u0111\u00fang v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t b\u1eadc \u0110\u1ea1o s\u01b0 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed. Trong kinh Ganaka Moggalana, Trung b\u1ed9 kinh, B\u00e0 la m\u00f4n Ganaka h\u1ecfi \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt: “C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i khi sa m\u00f4n Gotama gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, th\u1eddi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u1ec1u ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee9u c\u00e1nh Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n?” \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee9u c\u00e1nh Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch r\u1ea5t nh\u1eb9 nh\u00e0ng, khi\u00eam t\u1ed1n nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng r\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft th\u1ef1c v\u00e0 tuy\u1ec7t di\u1ec7u, gi\u1eef \u0111\u00fang v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a b\u1eadc \u0110\u1ea1o s\u01b0 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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“C\u0169ng v\u1eady, n\u00e0y B\u00e0 la m\u00f4n, trong khi c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n, c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n v\u00e0 trong khi c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t Ta l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng. Nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed c\u1ee7a Ta, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Ta khuy\u1ebfn gi\u00e1o nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee9u c\u00e1nh Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y, n\u00e0y B\u00e0 la m\u00f4n, Ta l\u00e0m g\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c? Nh\u01b0 Lai ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng”. (Trung b\u1ed9 kinh III, trang 105).<\/em><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

C\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt ch\u00fang ta n\u00f3i l\u00ean tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t b\u1eadc \u0110\u1ea1o s\u01b0 l\u00e0 tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 ch\u1edb kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i thay th\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed tu h\u00e0nh gi\u00fap cho c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed. Th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt trong t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a m\u00f4t b\u1eadc \u0110\u1ea1o s\u01b0 c\u0169ng n\u00f3i l\u00ean l\u00f2ng tin t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft v\u00e0 tu ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Ng\u00e0i ch\u1ec9 d\u1ea1y con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng, c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed ph\u1ea3i t\u1ef1 m\u00ecnh d\u1ea5n b\u01b0\u1edbc tr\u00ean con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ea5y. Ch\u00ednh nh\u1edd \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u00fd th\u1ee9c r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a b\u1eadc \u0110\u1ea1o s\u01b0 v\u00e0 v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed, n\u00ean \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng r\u1ef1c r\u1ee1 trong s\u1ee9 m\u1ec7nh ho\u1eb1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ed9 sanh c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u1edbi hai nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t tr\u00ean, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i xin k\u1ebft th\u00fac b\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i h\u00f4m nay v\u1ec1 b\u1eadc \u0110\u1ea1o S\u01b0 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta, v\u1edbi hy v\u1ecdng r\u1eb1ng b\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i gi\u00fap c\u00e1c Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 s\u1ee9 m\u1ec7nh ho\u1eb1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ed9 sanh cu\u1ea3 \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt ch\u00fang ta, \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u00fang ta, nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i, xu\u1ea5t gia c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 t\u1ea1i gia, d\u1ea7u \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1ea3i qua 2500 n\u0103m l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, v\u1eabn tin t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd ti\u1ebfn b\u01b0\u1edbc tr\u00ean con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 va gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t m\u00e0 b\u1eadc \u0110\u1ea1o s\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y.\/.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nam m\u00f4 B\u1ed5n s\u01b0 Th\u00edch Ca M\u00e2u Ni Ph\u1eadt.
T\u1ef3 kheo Th\u00edch Minh Ch\u00e2u
S\u00e0i G\u00f2n, ng\u00e0y 12-12-1988<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

T\u1ef3 kheo Th\u00edch Minh Ch\u00e2u L\u1eddi gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u. — \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 b\u00e0i thuy\u1ebft gi\u1ea3ng v\u1ec1 “\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta” m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e0i d\u1ec5 l\u00e0m cho Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean, v\u00ec \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta l\u00e0 B\u1ed5n S\u01b0 Th\u00edch Ca M\u00e2u Ni Ph\u1eadt r\u1ed3i c\u00f2n g\u00ec m\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1eb7t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1. Nh\u01b0ng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 […]\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[2],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-298","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-can-ban-phat-phap"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/phapphat.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/298","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/phapphat.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/phapphat.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/phapphat.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/phapphat.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=298"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/phapphat.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/298\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":299,"href":"https:\/\/phapphat.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/298\/revisions\/299"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/phapphat.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=298"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/phapphat.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=298"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/phapphat.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=298"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}