{"id":291,"date":"2025-01-06T20:42:28","date_gmt":"2025-01-06T13:42:28","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/phapvien.com\/?p=291"},"modified":"2025-01-06T20:42:28","modified_gmt":"2025-01-06T13:42:28","slug":"cay-co-thu-phat-giao","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/phapphat.com\/?p=291","title":{"rendered":"C\u00e2y c\u1ed7 th\u1ee5 Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

R.P. Hayes<\/em><\/h3>\n\n\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u00c2u M\u1ef9 ch\u00fang ta qua nhi\u1ec1u t\u00f4ng ph\u00e1i v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 ph\u00e1i, l\u00e0m cho m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1edbi v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y r\u1ea5t b\u1ee1 ng\u1ee1, m\u1ea5t r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u th\u00ec gi\u1edd t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u nh\u1eefng chi ti\u1ebft v\u00f4 ngh\u0129a. Ngay c\u1ea3 ch\u00ednh t\u00f4i, sau 30 n\u0103m nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0110\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh tr\u00ec trong nh\u1eefng truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng kh\u00e1c nhau, t\u00f4i v\u1eabn c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y ng\u1ea1i ng\u00f9ng v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea1o n\u1ea7y. T\u1eeb l\u00e2u, t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i tr\u00ean b\u00ecnh di\u1ec7n t\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt, v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u00e0o s\u00e2u v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i t\u00f4ng ph\u00e1i \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t. Cho n\u00ean, v\u00ec s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i r\u1ea5t t\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t, hy v\u1ecdng nh\u1eefng g\u00ec tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1ebd gi\u00fap \u00edch ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0o cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1edbi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u \u0110\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u00ecnh dung \u0110\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e2y c\u1ed7 th\u1ee5 to l\u1edbn v\u1edbi c\u00e0nh l\u00e1 xum xu\u00ea. C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t th\u00e2n c\u00e2y l\u1edbn, v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng nh\u00e1nh ch\u00ednh, r\u1ed3i \u0111\u00e2m ra c\u00e1c c\u00e0nh nh\u1ecf, v\u00e0 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng l\u00e1 c\u00e2y tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng c\u00e0nh nh\u1ecf \u0111\u00f3. B\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng r\u1ec5 c\u00e2y. C\u0169ng nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng r\u1ec5 n\u1ea7y l\u1ea1i ph\u00e2n chia th\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec1u r\u1ec5 con.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

B\u00e2y gi\u1edd, ta h\u00e3y h\u00ecnh dung \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t th\u00e2n c\u00e2y to l\u1edbn v\u01b0\u01a1n l\u00ean kh\u1ecfi m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t v\u00e0 n\u00e2ng \u0111\u1edf, nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng c\u00e1c nh\u00e1nh c\u00e2y v\u00e0 l\u00e1 c\u00e2y. Th\u00e2n c\u00e2y n\u1ea7y bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng cho h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u00ecm n\u01a1i n\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1a — quy y — c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng chung cho m\u1ecdi Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed, v\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh tr\u00ec \u0110\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt. B\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 lu\u1eadn thuy\u1ebft, t\u00f4ng ph\u00e1i v\u00e0 ph\u00e1p h\u00e0nh n\u00e0o c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o \u0111\u1ec1u xem nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng quan y\u1ebfu \u0111\u00f3, m\u00e0 m\u1ed7i Ph\u1eadt t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i tr\u00ec t\u1ee5ng th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c quy y. Trong ti\u1ebfng Pali, h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00f3 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 “sarana-gamana” (quy y). “Gamana” ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn, t\u00ecm v\u1ec1. “Sarana” ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 n\u01a1i n\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1a, gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1, d\u01b0\u1ee1ng nu\u00f4i, h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn. “Quy y” v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t n\u01a1i n\u00e0o c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 xin gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1, h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn v\u00e0 d\u01b0\u1ee1ng nu\u00f4i. Th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ta l\u00e0m khi ta g\u1eb7p ph\u1ea3i m\u1ed9t kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng, khi ta g\u1eb7p ph\u1ea3i m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n m\u00e0 t\u1ef1 ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Do \u0111\u00f3, ta t\u00ecm \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t n\u01a1i n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 xin gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110i\u1ec1u l\u00e0m cho m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi theo \u0111\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n l\u00e0 \u0111i t\u00ecm n\u01a1i n\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1a. Th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng, \u0111a s\u1ed1 ch\u00fang ta \u0111i t\u00ecm n\u01a1i n\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1a \u1edf m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i g\u00ec kh\u00e1c, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n n\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1a v\u00e0o b\u1ea1n b\u00e8, r\u01b0\u1ee3u ch\u00e8, ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p, ma t\u00fay, gi\u1ea3i tr\u00ed, gia \u0111\u00ecnh, chuy\u00ean gia, th\u1ec3 thao, nh\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00e2m, t\u00ecnh d\u1ee5c, du l\u1ecbch, v.v. \u0110i\u1ec1u l\u00e0m cho m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed ch\u00e2n ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y t\u00ecm n\u01a1i n\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1a \u1edf \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt, Ph\u1eadt Ph\u00e1p, v\u00e0 T\u0103ng \u0110o\u00e0n — g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Quy Y Tam B\u1ea3o.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, ba nh\u00e1nh r\u1ec5 c\u00e1i \u0111\u1ec3 nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng th\u00e2n c\u00e2y l\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt<\/strong>, Ph\u00e1p<\/strong> v\u00e0 T\u0103ng<\/strong>. M\u1ed7i m\u1ed9t danh t\u1eeb n\u1ea7y l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u \u00fd ngh\u0129a kh\u00e1c nhau. Cho n\u00ean, ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u00ecnh dung l\u00e0 t\u1eeb ba r\u1ec5 c\u00e1i \u0111\u00f3 l\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2m ra nhi\u1ec1u r\u1ec5 con kh\u00e1c n\u1eefa. Tuy nhi\u00ean, trong ph\u1ea1m vi gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft, ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp s\u01a1 l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ebfn ba r\u1ec5 c\u00e1i n\u1ea7y m\u00e0 th\u00f4i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

R\u1ec5 c\u00e1i ch\u00ednh gi\u1eefa l\u00e0 Ph\u00e1p (Dharma). Danh t\u1eeb n\u1ea7y c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ngh\u0129a. Trong ng\u1eef c\u1ea3nh Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o, \u00fd ngh\u0129a quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a Ph\u00e1p l\u00e0 Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n, l\u00e0 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch t\u1ed1i h\u1eadu c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed. Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 h\u1ee7y di\u1ec7t m\u1ecdi m\u1ea7m m\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u1ed5 \u0111au, b\u1ea5t to\u1ea1i nguy\u1ec7n. M\u1ecdi Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed \u0111\u1ec1u n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c tr\u00ean con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng di\u1ec7t kh\u1ed5 \u0111\u00f3. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u00fd ngh\u0129a ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a Ph\u00e1p. Nh\u01b0ng ch\u1eef Ph\u00e1p c\u0169ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n, c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap ta \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch t\u1ed1i h\u1eadu, Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap ta \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 t\u00edch c\u1ef1c v\u00e0 ch\u00e2n thi\u1ec7n, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn danh t\u1eeb “gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1nh”. Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, \u00fd ngh\u0129a th\u1ee9 hai c\u1ee7a Ph\u00e1p l\u00e0 Gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1nh, c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00e1nh thi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Ph\u00e1p c\u0169ng c\u00f2n l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec gi\u00fap ta ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1nh. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3, \u00fd ngh\u0129a th\u1ee9 ba c\u1ee7a Ph\u00e1p l\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u gi\u00e1o h\u00f3a. Nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u gi\u00e1o h\u00f3a n\u00e0o gi\u00fap ta \u0111\u1ebfn Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 xem nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 Ph\u00e1p, nh\u01b0ng th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng, Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed quy y v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi l\u1ea1i trong Kinh (t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c b\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt) v\u00e0 trong Lu\u1eadt (t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c gi\u1edbi lu\u1eadt \u0111\u1eb7t ra cho c\u00e1c tu s\u0129, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi r\u1eddi b\u1ecf \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng gia \u0111\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 d\u00e0nh t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 th\u00ec gi\u1edd v\u00e0 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ec3 h\u00e0nh tr\u00ec \u0110\u1ea1o Ph\u00e1p).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hai nh\u00e1nh r\u1ec5 c\u00e1i kia l\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt-\u0111\u00e0 (Buddha) v\u00e0 T\u0103ng-gi\u00e0 (Sangha). C\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u quan ki\u1ebfn kh\u00e1c nhau v\u1ec1 \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a danh hi\u1ec7u Ph\u1eadt. M\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd r\u1eb1ng trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ecb Ph\u1eadt, v\u00e0 v\u1ecb Ph\u1eadt trong th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 Ng\u00e0i T\u1ea5t \u0110\u1ea1t \u0110a C\u1ed3 \u0110\u00e0m (Siddhattha Gotama), c\u0169ng c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 v\u1ecb hi\u1ec1n tri\u1ebft t\u1ecbch m\u1eb7c (M\u00e2u Ni, Muni) d\u00f2ng h\u1ecd Th\u00edch Ca (Sakya). B\u1ed9 t\u1ed9c Th\u00edch Ca c\u00f3 l\u1ebd l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 t\u1ed9c thi\u1ec3u s\u1ed1, c\u00f3 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c ch\u1ee7ng t\u1ed9c v\u00e0 v\u0103n h\u00f3a kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi gi\u1ed1ng d\u00e2n A-l\u00ea-da (Aryan), gi\u1ed1ng d\u00e2n ch\u00ednh \u0111ang sinh s\u1ed1ng trong v\u00f9ng. Do \u0111\u00f3, khi Ng\u00e0i T\u1ea5t \u0110\u1ea1t \u0110a C\u1ed3 \u0110\u00e0m \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 v\u00f9ng Ba-la-n\u1ea1i (Benares) v\u00e0 thung l\u0169ng s\u00f4ng H\u1eb1ng (Ganges), c\u00f3 l\u1ebd dung m\u1ea1o v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch n\u00f3i c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i c\u00f3 v\u1ebb h\u01a1i xa l\u1ea1 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n trong v\u00f9ng. C\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng coi tr\u1ecdng Ng\u00e0i v\u00ec h\u1ecd cho r\u1eb1ng Ng\u00e0i thu\u1ed9c s\u1eafc d\u00e2n thi\u1ec3u s\u1ed1, k\u00e9m v\u0103n minh. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 c\u00f3 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c xa l\u1ea1 v\u00e0 b\u1ecb nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh ki\u1ebfn nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, nh\u01b0ng sau m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian truy\u1ec1n gi\u1ea3ng Ch\u00e1nh Ph\u00e1p, Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ea3m h\u00f3a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi, k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c v\u1ecb vua ch\u00faa, t\u01b0\u1edbng l\u00e3nh, th\u01b0\u01a1ng gia gi\u00e0u c\u00f3, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 th\u00f4ng th\u00e1i trong th\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1ea7y \u0111\u00e3 t\u00f9ng ph\u1ee5c Ng\u00e0i, v\u00e0 xem Ng\u00e0i nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb Th\u1ea7y h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn. V\u00ec v\u1eady, khi ta quy y Ph\u1eadt, ta k\u00ednh tr\u1ecdng Ng\u00e0i nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb Th\u1ea7y cao qu\u00fd nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a ch\u01b0 thi\u00ean v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i, m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi to\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n nh\u1ea5t. N\u00f3i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, Ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u1eabu m\u1ef1c ch\u00e2n ch\u00ednh \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1ecdi Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed noi theo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Danh t\u1eeb “T\u0103ng-gi\u00e0” c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m, m\u1ed9t c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng, h\u1ed9i ch\u00fang. T\u0103ng-gi\u00e0 m\u00e0 m\u1ecdi Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed quy ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng l\u00e0 A-l\u00ea-da T\u0103ng-gi\u00e0 (Ariya Sangha, T\u1ee9 Th\u00e1nh T\u0103ng-gi\u00e0), l\u00e0 \u0111o\u00e0n th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c b\u1eadc th\u00e1nh cao sang, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n tu\u1ec7 gi\u00e1c v\u00e0 gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1ee9c thanh khi\u1ebft, \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea1t Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n hay tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ebfn Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n, th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 c\u00e1c qu\u1ea3 th\u00e1nh. \u0110i\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n bi\u1ebft \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a A-l\u00ea-da T\u0103ng-gi\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 tu s\u0129, m\u00e0 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 tu s\u0129 n\u00e0o c\u0169ng l\u00e0 th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a A-l\u00ea-da T\u0103ng-gi\u00e0. Tr\u00ean b\u00ecnh di\u1ec7n tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i, khi m\u1ed9t Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed quy y T\u0103ng B\u1ea3o, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng quy y v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t \u0111o\u00e0n th\u1ec3 tu s\u0129 hay m\u1ed9t \u0111o\u00e0n th\u1ec3 nh\u1eefng Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed kh\u00e1c. \u0110\u00fang ra, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y quy y v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t \u0111o\u00e0n th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng v\u1ecb th\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u00ed, c\u00f3 tu\u1ec7 gi\u00e1c v\u00e0 gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1ee9c trong s\u1ea1ch, c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 cao c\u1ea3, h\u01a1n h\u1eb3n nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ea7m th\u01b0\u1eddng. Tuy nhi\u00ean, ch\u1eef “T\u0103ng-gi\u00e0” th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 c\u00e1c c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng kh\u00e1c, nh\u01b0 c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng tu s\u0129 (T\u1ef3-kheo T\u0103ng-gi\u00e0 v\u00e0 T\u1ef3-kheo-ni T\u0103ng-gi\u00e0), c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u01b0 s\u0129 h\u1ed9 t\u0103ng (\u01afu-b\u00e0-di \u01afu-b\u00e0-t\u1eafc T\u0103ng-gi\u00e0), c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u00e1c c\u01b0 s\u0129 \u0111\u00e3 nghe \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt gi\u1ea3ng Ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ebfn xin quy y v\u1edbi Ng\u00e0i (Thanh v\u0103n T\u0103ng-gi\u00e0). C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed cho r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 l\u1ebd n\u00ean xem to\u00e0n th\u1ec3 c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t T\u0103ng-gi\u00e0, nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng cho l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng A-l\u00ea-da T\u0103ng-gi\u00e0 m\u00e0 h\u1ecd quy ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng. Tuy nhi\u00ean, trong c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia c\u00f3 truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o l\u00e2u \u0111\u1eddi, T\u0103ng-gi\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u00e1c v\u1ecb tu s\u0129.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ba nh\u00e1nh r\u1ec5 ch\u00ednh n\u1ea7y l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 d\u01b0\u1ee1ng nu\u00f4i th\u00e2n c\u00e2y, v\u00e0 t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng quy y Tam B\u1ea3o, t\u1ea1o ra \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o c\u00f3 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c. C\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u1ec3 quy y. T\u1ed1i h\u1eadu, ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e1ch quy y kh\u00e1c nhau v\u00ec c\u00f3 v\u00f4 s\u1ed1 c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n kh\u00e1c nhau, b\u1edfi trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed \u0110\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt, vi\u1ec7c quy y t\u1ed1i h\u1eadu l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a t\u1eebng c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n, v\u00e0 m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ea3i t\u1ef1 m\u00ecnh t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch h\u00e0nh tr\u00ec trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a ri\u00eang t\u1eebng ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 xem m\u1ed7i Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc l\u00e1 g\u1eafn v\u00e0o c\u00e2y c\u1ed7 th\u1ee5 Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o. L\u00e1 s\u1ed1ng nh\u1edd c\u00e0nh, c\u00e0nh g\u1eafn v\u00e0o nh\u00e1nh ph\u1ee5, nh\u00e1nh ph\u1ee5 b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb nh\u00e1nh l\u1edbn v\u1ed1n m\u1ecdc ra t\u1eeb th\u00e2n c\u00e2y ch\u00ednh. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3, ta h\u00e3y xem x\u00e9t \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c nh\u00e1nh c\u00e2y ch\u00ednh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nh\u1eefng nh\u00e1nh c\u00e2y ch\u00ednh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u0103n b\u1ea3n c\u00e1c kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n ch\u1ee9a \u0111\u1ef1ng l\u1eddi d\u1ea1y c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt v\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed. M\u1ed9t nh\u00e1nh ch\u00ednh c\u00f3 t\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 nh\u00e1nh Thanh V\u0103n (Savaka). Nh\u1eefng v\u1ecb tu s\u0129 trong nh\u00e1nh n\u1ea7y h\u00e0nh tr\u00ec theo c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p m\u00e0 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u tin r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1c l\u1eddi d\u1ea1y c\u00f4ng khai c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c tu s\u0129 v\u00e0 c\u01b0 s\u0129 \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed. Ng\u00e0y x\u01b0a, c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e1nh con \u0111\u00e2m ra t\u1eeb nh\u00e1nh Thanh V\u0103n n\u1ea7y, nh\u01b0ng ng\u00e0y nay ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t nh\u00e1nh. Nh\u00e1nh \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Theravada<\/strong> (Tr\u01b0\u1edfng L\u00e3o Thuy\u1ebft) c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 l\u1eddi thuy\u1ebft gi\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c v\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e3o. Tr\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e3o, hay th\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ecda, l\u00e0 tu s\u0129 \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ecd gi\u1edbi \u00edt nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 10 n\u0103m v\u00e0 c\u00f3 tu\u1ec7 gi\u00e1c minh. T\u00f4ng ph\u00e1i Theravada d\u1ef1a theo c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p h\u00e0nh l\u01b0u truy\u1ec1n qua nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c v\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e3o n\u1ea7y. Gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft l\u1ea1i trong m\u1ed9t t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfng Pali. D\u00f9 r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c v\u1ecb tu s\u0129 Theravada c\u00f3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i kinh s\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh tr\u00ec l\u00e0 d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n Pali. T\u00f4ng ph\u00e1i Theravada (th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Nam T\u00f4ng, hay Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o Nguy\u00ean Th\u1ee7y) ng\u00e0y nay hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i T\u00edch Lan, Mi\u1ebfn \u0110i\u1ec7n, L\u00e0o, Th\u00e1i Lan, v\u00e0 Vi\u1ec7t Nam.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nh\u00e1nh ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9 hai l\u1ea1i chia ch\u1ebb ra r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e1nh con. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c nh\u00e1nh con n\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m chung l\u00e0 h\u1ecd ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n kh\u00e1c m\u00e0 nh\u00e1nh Thanh V\u0103n kh\u00f4ng th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn v\u00ec cho r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 l\u1eddi gi\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt l\u1ecbch s\u1eed. Nh\u00e1nh n\u1ea7y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 nh\u00e1nh Mahayana<\/strong> (\u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba, B\u1eafc T\u00f4ng). S\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n Mahayana r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ai c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc h\u1ebft trong m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eddi, v\u00e0 v\u00ec th\u1ebf, c\u00e1c Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed Mahayana th\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ec9 chuy\u00ean kh\u1ea3o v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i b\u1ed9 kinh, ho\u1eb7c ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 kinh. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 Thi\u1ec1n t\u00f4ng (Zen) th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u r\u1eb1ng ch\u1ec9 d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 truy\u1ec1n t\u1ee5ng b\u1ed9 kinh L\u0103ng Gi\u00e0 (t\u1ef1a \u0111\u1ec1 nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y “L\u0103ng Gi\u00e0 A B\u1ea1t \u0110a La” c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n d\u1ea1y ch\u00e2n ph\u00e1p v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea3o L\u0103ng Gi\u00e0 – T\u00edch Lan, m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia c\u00f3 c\u1ea3 2 nh\u00e1nh Theravada v\u00e0 Mahayana v\u00e0o th\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3). C\u00e1c t\u00f4ng ph\u00e1i T\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ed9 th\u00ec d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 thanh t\u1ecbnh c\u1ef1c l\u1ea1c \u0111\u1ec3 ta t\u00e1i sinh v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c h\u00e0nh tr\u00ec Ph\u1eadt Ph\u00e1p d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng h\u01a1n l\u00e0 trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n n\u1ea7y. C\u00f2n nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e1nh nh\u1ecf kh\u00e1c, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 nh\u00e1nh Ph\u00e1p Hoa, d\u1ef1a theo kinh Di\u1ec7u Ph\u00e1p Li\u00ean Hoa — m\u1ed9t kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n nh\u1eb1m th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t c\u00e1c t\u00f4ng ph\u00e1i — trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 nh\u00f3m Nh\u1eadt Li\u00ean (Nichiren) v\u00e0 H\u1ecdc H\u1ed9i S\u00e1ng Gi\u00e1 (Soka Gakkai) hi\u1ec7n \u0111ang ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u00edch c\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n, Hoa K\u1ef3, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c n\u01a1i kh\u00e1c. Th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng, c\u00e1c nh\u00e1nh nh\u1ecf n\u1ea7y l\u1ea1i \u0111an k\u1ebft v\u1edbi nhau, t\u1ea1o \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00ean nhau, r\u1ea5t kh\u00f3 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba (Mahayana) \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 th\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n s\u00e2u r\u1ed9ng t\u1ea1i Trung Hoa, Tri\u1ec1u Ti\u00ean, Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n, Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u00e0 In-\u0111\u00f4-n\u00ea-si-a (Nam D\u01b0\u01a1ng), nh\u01b0ng ng\u00e0y nay \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u thay \u0111\u1ed5i. In-\u0111\u00f4-n\u00ea-si-a gi\u1edd \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia H\u1ed3i Gi\u00e1o. Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o \u0111\u00e3 t\u00e0n l\u1ee5n t\u1ea1i l\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecba Trung Hoa. \u0110a s\u1ed1 d\u00e2n ch\u00fang Tri\u1ec1u Ti\u00ean theo \u0111\u1ea1o Ky-T\u00f4, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n ba l\u00e0 theo \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt. Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o \u0111ang tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e0 suy t\u00e0n \u1edf Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n v\u00e0 \u0111ang b\u1ecb thay th\u1ebf b\u1edfi h\u1eb1ng tr\u0103m nh\u00f3m \u0111\u1ea1o gi\u00e1o m\u1edbi (c\u00f3 khi ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 v\u1ebb l\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o b\u1ec1 ngo\u00e0i). Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u0169ng b\u1ecb suy y\u1ebfu v\u00ec chi\u1ebfn tranh trong qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n nay l\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u00e1p l\u1ef1c ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, kinh t\u1ebf, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 Vi\u1ec7t Nam l\u00e0 n\u01a1i \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1ec3 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p hai nh\u00e1nh Mahayana v\u00e0 Theravada. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i l\u00e0 \u0111ang c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng nguy c\u01a1 khi\u1ebfn Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1ebd suy t\u00e0n \u1edf \u00c1 Ch\u00e2u trong 25 n\u0103m t\u1edbi. M\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u bu\u1ed3n l\u00e0 nh\u00e1nh c\u00e2y n\u1ea7y, m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi r\u1ea5t kh\u1ecfe m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1i t\u1ed1t, nay \u0111ang b\u1ecb ung th\u1ed1i v\u00e0 c\u00f3 nguy c\u01a1 s\u1ebd g\u1eaby r\u1ee5ng v\u00ec s\u1ee9c n\u1eb7ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nh\u00e1nh ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9 ba l\u00e0 nh\u00e1nh Kim C\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/strong> (Vajra). Th\u1eadt ra, \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i nh\u00e1nh n\u1ea7y l\u00e0 m\u1ecdc t\u1eeb nh\u00e1nh \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba, nh\u01b0ng v\u00ec c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9 ri\u00eang n\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 xem nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e1nh ch\u00ednh. Kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a nh\u00e1nh n\u1ea7y l\u00e0 d\u1ef1a theo c\u00e1c m\u1eadt ch\u00fa, n\u00ean c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o M\u1eadt t\u00f4ng (Tantric Buddhism). \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng lo\u1ea1i kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n vi\u1ebft b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t v\u0103n t\u1eeb \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, kh\u00f4ng r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng cho nh\u1eefng ai kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec1n th\u1eeba, g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 m\u1eadt ngh\u0129a. Ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u ho\u1eb7c h\u00e0nh tr\u00ec n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea1o s\u01b0 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn, v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng v\u1ecb th\u1ea7y c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng l\u1ec5 truy\u1ec1n th\u1eeba \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t cho m\u00f4n \u0111\u1ec7 c\u00f3 s\u1ee9c linh n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 h\u00e0nh tr\u00ec. M\u1eadt t\u00f4ng l\u00e0 t\u00f4ng ph\u00e1i ch\u00ednh \u1edf T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 M\u00f4ng C\u1ed5 (t\u1eeb T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng truy\u1ec1n sang). C\u0169ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh th\u00e1i M\u1eadt t\u00f4ng kh\u00e1c \u1edf Trung Hoa, v\u00e0 t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 truy\u1ec1n sang Vi\u1ec7t Nam, Tri\u1ec1u Ti\u00ean, v\u00e0 Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n. Ngay c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c t\u00f4ng ph\u00e1i Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o kh\u00e1c c\u0169ng ch\u1ecbu \u00edt nhi\u1ec1u \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a M\u1eadt t\u00f4ng, trong ph\u1ea7n l\u00fd lu\u1eadn c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 trong c\u00e1ch h\u00e0nh tr\u00ec. Th\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 t\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam ng\u00e0y nay, th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 h\u00f2a h\u1ee3p r\u1ea5t t\u1ed1t, r\u1ea5t \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a Nam T\u00f4ng, nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e1nh B\u1eafc T\u00f4ng (T\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 Thi\u1ec1n) v\u00e0 M\u1eadt T\u00f4ng. Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o Tri\u1ec1u Ti\u00ean gi\u1edd \u0111\u00e2y c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a Thi\u1ec1n, T\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i d\u1ea5u v\u1ebft c\u1ee7a M\u1eadt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2y, t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y xong c\u00e1c nh\u00e1nh r\u1ec5, th\u00e2n c\u00e2y ch\u00ednh v\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e1nh c\u00e2y ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a c\u00e2y c\u1ed7 th\u1ee5 Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o. B\u00e2y gi\u1edd th\u00ec ta h\u00e3y xem to\u00e0n th\u1ec3 c\u00e2y n\u1ea7y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o ra sao. N\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o b\u1edfi 2 ph\u1ea7n ch\u00ednh, ph\u1ea7n th\u1ecbt g\u1ed7 v\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n nh\u1ef1a c\u00e2y. Ph\u1ea7n g\u1ed7, l\u00e0 c\u1ed1t t\u1ee7y c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt, l\u00e0 Tr\u00ed Tu\u1ec7<\/strong>. Ph\u1ea7n nh\u1ef1a, \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap cho c\u00e2y ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch truy\u1ec1n d\u1eabn c\u00e1c d\u01b0\u1ee1ng t\u1ed1 t\u1eeb r\u1ec5 \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n kh\u00e1c v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e0nh l\u00e1, l\u00e0 T\u1eeb Bi<\/strong>. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ph\u1ea7n nh\u1ef1a T\u1eeb Bi th\u00f4ng ch\u1ea3y xuy\u00ean su\u1ed1t th\u00ec c\u1ea3 to\u00e0n c\u00e2y s\u1ebd ch\u1ebft nhanh. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ph\u1ea7n g\u1ed7 Tr\u00ed Tu\u1ec7 th\u00ec nh\u1ef1a c\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng truy\u1ec1n d\u1eabn v\u00e0 s\u1ebd b\u1ed1c h\u01a1i nhanh ch\u00f3ng. Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0o quan tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0o. C\u1ea3 hai ph\u1ea7n c\u00f9ng h\u1ee3p l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng cho c\u00e2y c\u1ed7 th\u1ee5 Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

R.P. Hayes
(T\u00e2m H\u00f2a l\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ecbch, theo “Buddhist Digest”, 1997, Hoa K\u1ef3)<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

R.P. Hayes \u0110\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u00c2u M\u1ef9 ch\u00fang ta qua nhi\u1ec1u t\u00f4ng ph\u00e1i v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 ph\u00e1i, l\u00e0m cho m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1edbi v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y r\u1ea5t b\u1ee1 ng\u1ee1, m\u1ea5t r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u th\u00ec gi\u1edd t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u nh\u1eefng chi ti\u1ebft v\u00f4 ngh\u0129a. Ngay c\u1ea3 ch\u00ednh t\u00f4i, sau 30 n\u0103m nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0110\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh […]\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[3],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-291","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-lich-su"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/phapphat.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/291","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/phapphat.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/phapphat.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/phapphat.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/phapphat.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=291"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/phapphat.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/291\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":292,"href":"https:\/\/phapphat.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/291\/revisions\/292"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/phapphat.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=291"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/phapphat.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=291"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/phapphat.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=291"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}